Drainage Gas Recovery Technique with Downhole Intelligent Robots in Low Pressure and Low Production Gas Wells
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摘要:
低压低产气井积液减产现象严重，而泡排、柱塞、液氮气举等常规排水采气工艺难以满足其长期稳产和提高采收率的要求，为此，基于柱塞气举工艺原理，研制了一种新型排水采气井下智能机器人，该机器人能实时监测与追踪井筒动液面位置，自动控制装置内部中心流道开关，可以在井眼内自动上行，从而实现气井分段、逐级定量排水。在东胜气田1口井的先导试验表明，井下智能机器人能够在井筒内自由稳定行走，实现自主定量排水和气井不关井连续采气，产气量稳定上升，油套压差持续降低，井筒积液得到有效缓解，达到了低压低产气井长期稳产和提高采收率的目的。研究与试验结果表明，井下智能机器人排水采气技术有效解决了常规排水采气工艺存在的问题，有利于实现低压低产气井的长期稳产和提高低压含水气藏的采收率。
Abstract:The output of low pressure and low production gas wells has been significantly reduced due to the presence of liquid loading, and it is difficult to maintain long-term stable production and to enhance gas recovery through conventional drainage gas recovery technologies, such as foam drainage, plunger gas lifting and liquid nitrogen gas lifting. To solve this problem, a novel downhole intelligent robot for drainage gas recovery was developed based on the principle of plunger gas lifting. The robot automatically segments and quantifies drainage by monitoring and tracking the dynamic liquid level within wellbore in real time, and then automatically controlling the opening and closing of the center channel in the device. It does so byenabling the downhole intelligent robot to go upward along the wellbore automatically. The robot was tried out in the field in one well in Dongsheng Gas Field. The results were positive. The robot is able to move around steadily and freely in the wellbore and achieve independent quantitative drainage and continuous gas recovery without shutting in the gas well. Using robotics, gas production ramped up steadily, the tubing/casing pressure difference dropped in a continuous manner, and liquid loading in the wellbore was mitigated. Thus robotics and automated control systems allowed long-term stable production and EOR of low pressure/low production gas well. The downhole intelligent robot effectively solved the technical problems encountered in conventional drainage gas recovery, and made it possible to have efficient development of low pressure and low production water-bearing gas reservoirs.
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图 2 A井井筒压力温度分布测试结果
Figure 2. Test results of temperature and pressure distribution in Well A
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图 3 井下智能机器人实时录取的井筒压力、温度随时间的变化曲线
Figure 3. Wellbore pressure and temperature curve over time recorded by downhole intelligent robot in real time
表 1 A井井下智能机器人排水采气效果
Table 1 Effect of drainage gas recovery after application of downhole intelligent robot technology in Well A
项目 油管压力/MPa 套管压力/MPa 油套压差/MPa 产气量/(m3·d–1) 产液量/(m3·d–1) 液气比/(m3·(10–4m–3)) 生产时率，% 助排措施 试验前(30 d) 3.5 6.2 2.7 5 012 0.55 0.96 97.5 泡排+降压带液 试验中(15 d) 3.8 6.0 2.2 7 315 0.95 1.30 100.0 无 
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