Experimental Study on Igneous Rock Abrasiveness
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摘要:
火成岩钻井设计优化的关键是了解火成岩的可钻性和研磨性，但至今还未形成一套测试火成岩研磨性的有效方法。为此，采用自主研发的岩石研磨性测定装置，测试了不同岩性火成岩岩样的研磨性，并分析了火成岩研磨性与其单轴抗压强度和矿物成分含量之间的关系。测试结果表明，在岩样转速8 r/min、钻压800 N、钻头转速198 r/min的条件下，以破碎单位体积岩石研磨标准件的磨损质量作为研磨性指标，可以很好地分辨不同岩性火成岩的研磨性，且火成岩的研磨性与其单轴抗压强度和等效石英含量均呈较好的幂函数关系。研究结果表明，以火成岩单轴抗压强度为基础建立的火成岩研磨性预测模型，可以很好地预测火成岩的研磨性，可为优化火成岩钻井设计提供理论依据。
Abstract:Igneous oil and gas reservoirs are hot spots in well drilling. But, drilling them is extremely difficult due to the highly abrasive nature of the rocks. So, drillability and abrasiveness of igneous rocks must form the basis of drilling optimizition design. The problem is, however, that igneous rock abrasiveness testing methods have not yet been formulated. So, in this paper, we describe the development of a rock abrasiveness measuring device used to test the abrasiveness of igneous rock samples with different lithologies. We also examined the relationship between the abrasiveness and their uniaxial compressive strength of igneous rocks, and mineral content. We found that under the conditions of rock sample rotary speed of 8 r/min, WOB of 800 N, and drill bit rotary speed of 198 r/min, the weight loss of grinding standard part of per unit volume broken rock within a certain time can be used as abrasiveness index to distinguish the abrasiveness of igneous rocks with different lithologies. The abrasiveness of igneous rocks shows a good power function relationship between uniaxial compressive strength and equivalent quartz content. The research results show that the abrasiveness prediction model based on the uniaxial compressive strength of igneous rock can predict the igneous rock abrasiveness very well and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the drilling design for wells in igneous reservoirs.
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Keywords:
- igneous rock /
- abrasiveness /
- grinding standard part /
- compressive strength /
- prediction model
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图 3 不同钻压下斜长花岗岩岩样和标准件磨损量与钻头钻速的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between the abrasion losses of oblique granite sample and standard part and the drilling speed of drill bit under different WOB
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图 5 不同岩性岩样和标准件磨损量与钻压的关系（转速198 r/min）
Figure 5. Relationship between abrasion losses and WOB of rock samples with different lithology and standard parts (rotary speed of 198 r/min)
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图 4 不同钻压下玄武岩岩样和标准件磨损量与钻头转速的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between the abrasion losses of basalt sample and standard part and the rotary speed of drill bit under different WOB
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图 6 火成岩研磨性指标与其单轴抗压强度的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between abrasiveness and uniaxial compressive strength of igneous rock
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图 7 火成岩研磨性指标与等效石英含量的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between abrasiveness and equivalent quartz content of igneous rock
表 1 火成岩岩样矿物成分及含量和单轴抗压强度测试结果
Table 1 Test results of mineral composition & content and uniaxial compressive strength of igneous rock samples
岩性 矿物各成分含量，% qe，% σ/MPa 石英 钾长石 斜长石 闪石 辉石 斜长花岗岩 12 25 59 – – 84.00 112 花岗斑岩 17 50 29 – – 84.71 129 石英正长岩 19 51 27 – – 85.86 147 石英二长岩 18 38 41 – – 86.00 138 花岗二长岩 24 36 37 – – 86.57 176 英安岩 36 9 40 11 – 88.21 207 花岗正长岩 31 44 20 – – 85.86 230 角闪辉长岩 18 22 36 10 13 89.27 268 花岗闪长岩 35 9 54 3 – 90.13 275 玄武岩 – 17 55 5 19 – 308 
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表 2 火成岩研磨性指标与单轴抗压强度关系回归结果
Table 2 Regression results of relationship between compressive strength and abrasiveness of igneous rocks
函数关系 模型 R2 F 线性 ω=0.144σ–6.028 0.944 3 135.504 1 对数 ω=27.244lnσ–120.17 0.901 4 70.133 6 指数 ω=5.78e0.006 4σ 0.961 4 199.476 8 幂 ω=0.031σ1.241 0.963 1 208.851 6 多项式 ω=0.000 4σ2–0.025 5σ+9.712 0.962 9 91.030 9
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表 3 火成岩研磨性指标与等效石英含量关系回归结果
Table 3 Regression results of relationship between equivalent quartz content and abrasiveness of igneous rocks
函数关系 模型 R2 F 线性 ω=3.680qe–298.74 0.830 4 34.262 3 对数 ω=320.26lnqe–1 408.7 0.828 5 33.813 3 指数 ω=4×10–6e0.187qe 0.832 7 34.845 0 幂 ω=2×10–29qe15.5 0.834 3 35.234 0 多项式 ω=0.02qe2–138.617 0.832 1 34.690 8
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表 4 回归关系式比较
Table 4 Comparison of regression relations
引入参数 关系式 R2 F σ 式（3） 0.963 1 208.851 6 qe 式（4） 0.834 3 35.234 0 qe，σ 式（6） 0.962 7 77.357 9
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表 5 研磨性指标预测结果
Table 5 Abrasiveness prediction results of igneous rocks with different lithologies
岩性 单轴抗压
强度/MPa研磨性指标/（mg∙cm–3） 相对误差，% 预测 实测 正长花岗岩 151 15.63 15.24 2.52 斜长花岗岩 118 11.51 11.95 3.80 粉红花岗岩 273 32.60 30.06 7.80 二长花岗岩 197 21.75 23.17 6.55 二长花岗岩 169 17.98 17.45 2.94
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