The Design of Blade Type Diamond-Impregnated Bit and It’s Application in Well Hashan 101
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摘要:
为提高准噶尔盆地哈山区块火山岩地层机械钻速、增大单只钻头进尺、降低井眼失稳掉块卡钻风险，设计了刀翼式孕镶金刚石钻头。在分析地层岩石的力学特性的基础上，研发了新型胎体合金材料，以提高钻头研磨性；镶嵌孕镶切削块，以增强钻头破岩能力；优化设计了刀翼式孕镶金刚石钻头的结构和防卡流道，防止钻头卡死。研究发现，超细合金材料相互联结成键、牢固烧结，钻头胎体力学性能提高30%以上。刀翼式孕镶金刚石钻头配合高速大扭矩螺杆钻具在哈山101井火山岩地层进行了应用，单只钻头进尺增大4倍，机械钻速提高54.3%。研究结果表明，刀翼式孕镶金刚石钻头可以降低掉块卡钻风险，可实现火山岩地层安全高效钻进。
Abstract:In order to improve the ROP in the volcanic rock formation of the Hashan Area in Junggar Basin, increase the footage of single drill bit, and reduce the risks of wellbore instability and caving, the bit design for rapid drilling was carried out. The mechanical performance of the formation rock was analyzed by a full-scale coring indoor test. On this basis, a new matrix alloy material was developed to improve the grinding performance of the bit. Then, the impregnated cutting block was used to enhance the rock breaking ability, and the blade-type impregnated bit structure and the anti-sticking flow path were optimized. The caving falling into the oblique chip flute could be pushed upward to prevent the bit from being stuck. It was found that the ultra-fine alloy materials could be bonded to each other to form a firm adhesion, and the mechanical performance of bit matrix improved by more than 30%. The blade-type impregnated drill bit was used in the volcanic rock formation of Well Hashan 101 associated with a high-speed and high-torque screw power drill, the single bit footage was increased by 4 times and the ROP was increased by 54.3%. This technology also effectively reduced the risk of caving and sticking, and became an effective technical measure for safe and efficient drilling in such formations.
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图 1 哈山101井火山岩地层牙轮钻头出井形貌
Figure 1. POOH morphology of roller bit after drilling in the volcanic rock formation of Well Hashan101
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图 2 哈山101井稠浆携岩返出掉块
Figure 2. Caving returns carried out by viscous mud of Well Hashan101
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图 3 刀翼式孕镶金刚石钻头改进前后的结构对比
Figure 3. Structural comparison of the blade-type impregnated diamond drill bit before and after improvement
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图 4 金刚石钻头晶体形貌和胎体粉末扫描电镜图
Figure 4. Crystal morphology of diamond bit and scanning electron micrograph of matrix powder
表 1 哈山区块岩石力学试验结果
Table 1 Test results of the mechanical performance of coring rock in Hashan Block
样品编号 围压/
MPa温度/
℃饱和
状态抗压强度/
MPa杨氏模量/
GPahs101-3326-sp0 0 20 干燥 163.58 27.89 hs101-3326-sp45 0 20 干燥 158.44 26.98 hs101-3326-cz1 0 20 干燥 175.65 28.97 hs101-3937-cz1 0 20 干燥 288.79 59.72 hs101-3326-cz2 30 20 干燥 408.81 46.54 hs101-3326-cz3 60 20 干燥 530.60 55.48 
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表 2 哈山区块部分完钻井的钻井技术指标
Table 2 Drilling technical indicators of some drilled wells in the Hashan Block
井号 井深/m 火山岩厚度/m 钻井周期/d 机械钻速/（m·h–1） 钻头总量/只 牙轮钻头用量/只 哈山1井 2 554.00 2 008.00 105.4 1.86 29 20 哈山3井 4 139.80 3 532.80 412.3 1.24 62 52 哈深2井 5 238.26 5 148.30 823.8 0.73 162 142
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表 3 刀翼式孕镶金刚石钻头应用技术数据
Table 3 Technical data of blade-type impregnated diamond bit
序号 钻进井段/
m进尺/
m钻速/
（m·h–1）排量/
（L·s–1）转盘转速/
（r·min–1）螺杆转速/
（r·min–1）泵压/
MPa钻压/
kN备注 1 3 539.50～3 592.00 52.50 0.54 30 30～50 500 22.0 60～70 螺杆到寿命后起钻 2 3 592.00～3 639.89 47.89 0.44 30 30～50 500 22.5 70～80 泵压升高后起钻 3 3 814.10～3 848.52 34.42 0.42 30 30～50 500 23.0 80～100 钻速变慢后起钻
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