Water Based Drilling Fluid Technology for Deep Shale Gas Horizontal Wells in Block Weiyuan
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摘要:
为解决威远区块深层页岩气水平井长水平段井眼失稳的问题，研制了具有强抑制性、强封堵能力的水基钻井液。分析了威远区块页岩储层矿物组分、储层物性和页岩地层井眼失稳机理，认为在该地层钻进水平段时，所用钻井液应具有较强的抑制性、封堵能力和一定的润滑性。在优选抑制剂、封堵剂和润滑剂的基础上，配制了深层页岩气水平井水基钻井液SM–ShaleMud，并对其性能进行了室内评价。室内试验结果表明：该钻井液流变性能好，高温高压滤失量低，润滑系数小；可抗温140 ℃，能有效抑制黏土水化和裂缝的产生、扩展；封堵能力和抗污染能力强。SM–ShaleMud水基钻井液在威远区块威页23平台3口井进行了应用，结果表明具有良好的综合性能，特别是井眼浸泡67 d后仍保持稳定，说明其具有强抑制性和强封堵能力。研究表明，SM–ShaleMud水基钻井液能够解决威远区块深层页岩气水平井长水平段井眼失稳问题，现场应用效果显著。
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of wellbore instability in the horizontal section of deep shale gas horizontal wells in Block Weiyuan, a water based drilling fluid with strong inhibition and plugging capacity was developed. Through analysis on mineral composition, reservoir physical properties and wellbore instability mechanism in shale formation in Weiyuan Block, it was believed that the drilling fluid used in horizontal wells of this formation should have good performance in terms of inhibition, plugging and lubricity. The SM-ShaleMud water based drilling fluid suitable for deep shale gas horizontal wells was prepared by optimizing and selecting proper inhibitors, plugging agents and lubricants,, and the lab tests were conducted to evaluate its performance. The lab evaluation results showed that this drilling fluid had good rheological properties, high temperature high pressure (HTHP) fluid loss and low lubrication coefficient; SM-ShaleMud had temperature-resistance up to 140 °C, and presented good performance in inhibiting clay hydration and the generation and extension of fractures; this fluid system had been applied in three wells of Weiye 23 Platform in Weiyuan District, and achieved an excellent application effect. One point had to be stated that it ensured the wellbore stability after being soaked for 67 days, indicating the strong inhibition and plugging capacity. Research suggested that this water based drilling fluid system could solve the problem of wellbore instability in long horizontal section, and achieve a significant application effect, thereby demonstrating a good application prospective.
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Keywords:
- water based drilling fluid /
- horizontal well /
- shale gas /
- inhibition /
- plugging capacity /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- Weiyuan Block
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图 1 威页1井龙马溪组页岩气地层微孔隙和微裂缝
Figure 1. Micro-pore and micro-fracture in shale gas formation of Longmaxi Formation in Well WY 1
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图 2 威页1井龙马溪组岩心层理及裂缝发育特征
Figure 2. Core bedding and fracture development characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Well WY 1
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图 3 页岩岩心在不同介质中浸泡时的裂缝扩展情况
Figure 3. Fracture propagation of shale core immersion in different media
表 1 威页23–6HF井龙马溪组岩屑全岩矿物组分
Table 1 Mineral compositions of the whole rock of the cuttings samples of Longmaxi Formation in Well WY 23–6HF
岩屑编号 井深/m 各矿物组分的含量，% 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 铁白云石 石盐 菱铁矿 黏土矿物 造斜段1 3 562.00 34.21 7.56 3.21 3.07 51.95 造斜段2 3 716.00 35.51 7.42 3.77 2.47 50.83 造斜段3 3 783.00 32.80 2.08 6.57 2.56 1.40 1.26 53.33 造斜段4 3 815.00 38.89 8.03 4.36 2.08 46.64 水平段1 4 406.00 46.04 10.92 8.86 5.43 1.17 27.58 水平段2 4 870.00 47.71 7.43 13.26 4.62 1.05 25.93 
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表 2 不同SMJA–1和KCl加量下膨润土的Zeta电位
Table 2 Effect of SMJA–1 & KCl on Zeta potential of Bentonite
SMJA–1
加量，%不同KCl加量下的Zeta电位/mV 0 0.1% 0.5% 2.0% 5.0% 0 –48.0 –49.0 –40.5 –32.0 –22.3 0.1 –31.0 –35.0 –28.0 –22.0 –19.0 0.5 –23.8 –19.6 –16.8 –17.2 –11.7 1.0 –17.8 –17.4 –15.3 –11.6 –7.1 注：100 ℃温度下膨润土在SMJA–1和KCl复配液中浸泡24 h。
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表 3 高温高压滤失测试结果
Table 3 Results of HTHP fluid loss test
钻井液 高温高压滤失量/mL 10#陶瓷滤片 滤纸 基浆 20.0 16.8 钻井液M 5.4 7.0 注：测试温度为140 ℃。
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表 4 润滑剂对钻井液性能的影响评价结果
Table 4 Evaluation on the influence of lubricants on drilling fluid performance
钻井液 塑性黏度/
(mPa·s)动切力/
PaAPI滤失量/
mL高温高压
滤失量/mL润滑
系数钻井液M 45.0 2.5 0.5 6.0 0.237 钻井液M+
润滑剂42.0 8.0 0 4.8 0.113
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表 5 SM–ShaleMud水基钻井液的常规性能
Table 5 Conventional properties of SM–ShaleMud water based drilling fluid
密度/
(kg·L–1)表观黏度/
(mPa·s)塑性黏度/
(mPa·s)动切力/
Pa静切力/Pa API滤失量/
mL高温高压滤失量/
mL润滑系数 初切 终切 1.90 47.5 33.0 14.5 3.0 9.5 1.0 5.6 0.096 2.05 54.0 38.0 16.0 3.5 10.5 0.8 5.2 0.101 2.20 69.0 48.0 21.0 4.0 12.0 0.1 4.0 0.113
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表 6 SM–ShaleMud水基钻井液抗污染能力测试结果
Table 6 Pollution resistance test results of SM–ShaleMud water based drilling fluid
污染条件 塑性黏度/
(mPa·s)动切力/
PaAPI滤失量/
mL高温高压滤失量/
mL33.0 9.0 <0.3 5.2 10.0%膨润土 34.0 10.0 0.3 5.6 3.0%CaCl2 21.0 13.0 4.0 18.0 10.0%钻屑粉 32.0 12.0 0.4 5.0
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表 7 SM–ShaleMud水基钻井液的配浆量及初始性能
Table 7 Slurry volume and initial performance of SM–ShaleMud water based drilling fluid
井号 配浆量/m3 密度/
(kg·L–1)漏斗黏度/
s塑性黏度/
(mPa.s)动切力/
Pa静切力/Pa API滤失量/
mL高温高压滤失量/
mLpH值 新浆 老浆 初切 终切 威页23–6HF 190 0 1.95 47 32 14 3 9 0.8 6.4 10 威页23–2HF 70 110 2.00 48 30 8 3 11 0.8 6.0 10 威页23–3HF 184 0 2.05 53 32 11 3 7 0.5 5.4 9
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