Research and Application of Environmental Protection Technologies for Drilling Fluid Treatment in Shengli Oilfield
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摘要:
在胜利油田钻井过程中，废弃物总量大、污染物含量高，废弃物污染控制集中于末端治理，资源化利用程度低、成本高，无法实现钻井过程中的污染控制，严重影响油田生态环境。针对该油田钻井过程中的环保关键技术难题，以“减量化、无害化、资源化”为目标，进行了理论研究、装备研发、技术攻关和集成应用，形成了钻井污染物源头控制、全井段钻井废弃物随钻过程减量化和钻井废弃物末端无害化处理与资源化利用等3项核心技术，创新了覆盖“源头控制、过程减量、末端治理”的钻井液环保处理技术。“十三五”期间，该钻井液环保处理技术在胜利油区及新疆、四川等地的中国石化工区实现规模化应用，建成了胜利油田滨105、盐222、桩146等绿色低碳钻井示范工程，为保障胜利油田绿色低碳开发提供了技术支撑，也为我国陆上油气田绿色低碳开发提供了有益借鉴。
Abstract:In the drilling process of Shengli Oilfield, a large amount of drilling waste was generated, with excessive pollutants. However, the pollution control of drilling wastes in Shengli Oilfield focuses on the end treatment, with low waste resource utilization and high cost, which makes it impossible to realize the pollution control in the drilling process and seriously threatens the ecological environment of the oilfield. In order to solve the key technical problems of environmental protection in the drilling process of Shengli Oilfield, theoretical research, equipment development, technical breakthroughs, and integrated application were carried out with the goal of “pollution reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization”. Three core technologies were formed, including control of drilling pollution source, reduction of drilling waste while drilling in the whole well section, and harm-free treatment and resource utilization of drilling waste at the end. In addition, the environmental protection technology for drilling fluid treatment covering “source control, process reduction, and end treatment” was innovated. During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, the environmental protection technology for drilling fluid treatment was widely applied in Shengli, Sichuan, and Xinjiang Oilfields, and a series of green and low-carbon drilling demonstration projects were established in B-105, Y-222, Z-146 blocks of Shengli Oilfield, which provides technical support for the green and low-carbon development of Shengli Oilfield and a useful reference for the green and low-carbon development of onshore oilfields in China.
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图 1 钻井液高效固液分离成套装备组成
Figure 1. High-efficiency solid-liquid separation equipment for drilling fluid
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图 2 絮凝作用前后钻井液粒径分布曲线
Figure 2. Drilling fluid particle size distribution before and after flocculation
表 1 SLRF钻井液流变滤失性能评价结果
Table 1 Rheological and filtration property evaluation of SLRF drilling fluids
配方 实验条件 密度/
(kg·L−1)表观黏度/
（mPa·s）塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）动切力/Pa 静切力/Pa API滤失量/
mL高温高压
滤失量/mLpH值 初切 终切 SLRF 常温 1.04 35.0 22.0 13.0 8 10 3.0 9.0 SLRF 120 ℃/16 h 1.04 30.5 20.5 10.0 7 9 2.8 6.8 9.0 SLRF+10%黏土 120 ℃/16 h 1.05 40.5 25.0 15.5 9 12 3.2 7.0 8.5 
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表 2 SLHB钻井液流变性和滤失性评价结果
Table 2 Rheological and filtration property evaluation of SLHB drilling fluids
实验条件 密度/(kg·L−1) 表观黏度/（mPa·s） 塑性黏度/（mPa·s） 动切力/Pa 静切力/Pa API滤失量/mL 高温高压滤失量/mL pH值 初切 终切 常温 1.50 51.5 36.0 15.5 5.0 9.5 2.8 9.0 180 ℃/16 h 1.50 38.5 28.0 10.5 4.0 6.5 2.8 7.8 9.0
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表 3 SLHB钻井液环保性能评价结果
Table 3 Environmental protection performance evaluation of SLHB drilling fluids
钻井液体系 EC50/(mg·L−1) 生物降解性，% 总镉含量/(mg·kg−1) 总铅含量/(mg·kg−1) 总铬含量/(mg·kg−1) SLHB体系 ＞50 000 9.7 0.57 24.3 13.6 聚磺体系 ＜10 000 1.7 20.10 127.9 104.8 评价标准 ≥30 000 ≥5.0 ＜15.00 ＜1 000.0 ＜1 000.0
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