Experimental Study on the Suppression of Stick-Slip Vibration of PDC Bits during Rock Breaking by Composite Impact Load
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摘要:
深井超深井钻井过程中，PDC钻头的粘滑振动是导致钻头非正常磨损的主要原因之一。为探索复合冲击载荷对PDC钻头粘滑振动的影响机制，利用冲击破岩试验装置研究了PDC钻头破岩过程中粘滑振动的发展规律；在此基础上，通过引入复合冲击载荷，分析了轴扭复合冲击载荷对PDC钻头破岩过程中粘滑振动的影响规律。研究发现：固定驱动转速条件下，随着送钻速度增快，PDC钻头的粘滑振动会明显增强；当平均钻压为20.12 kN时，粘滑比为1.31，钻头出现了间断停滞现象；粘滑振动的主频为冲击破岩试验装置扭转加载模块的一阶固有频率，复合冲击可以明显降低PDC钻头的粘滑现象，表现为主频处对应的转速显著降低；在试验参数范围内，频率50和100 Hz的复合冲击对粘滑振动的抑制效果最为明显。研究结果可为抑制PDC钻头破岩粘滑振动和研制复合冲击破岩工具提供指导。
Abstract:The stick-slip vibration of PDC bits is one of the main factors leading to abnormal wear of the bit during deep and ultra-deep well drilling. In order to explore the influence mechanism of the composite impact load on the stick-slip vibration of PDC bits, the development law of the stick-slip vibration during the rock breaking process of PDC bits was studied using the impact rock breaking test device. On this basis, the influence of the axial and torsional composite impact load on the stick-slip vibration of PDC bits during rock breaking was analyzed by introducing the composite impact load. The research results show that at a fixed driving rotation speed, the stick-slip vibration of PDC bits will demonstrate an apparent increase as the drilling speed increases. When the average weight on bit (WOB) is 20.12 kN, and the stick-slip ratio is 1.31, with intermittent bit rotation stagnation. The main frequency of the stick-slip vibration is the first-order natural frequency of the torsional loading module of the impact rock breaking test device. The composite impact can significantly reduce the slip-slip phenomenon of PDC bits during rock breaking, which is represented by the significant reduction of the rotation speed amplitude at the main frequency, and the composite impacts of 50 Hz and 100 Hz have the most obvious suppression on stick-slip vibration with the test parameters. The research results can provide guidance for the suppression of stick-slip vibration of PDC bits during rock breaking and the development of composite impact rock breaking tools.
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Keywords:
- composite impact drilling /
- PDC bit /
- stick-slip /
- ROP enhancement /
- rock drilling test
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图 1 PDC钻头冲击破岩试验装置
1．伺服电机；2．升降机；3．主机架；4．升降丝杠；5．提升机架；6．激振电机；7．激振电机固定架；8．振动装置；9．扭转惯性配重；10．链轮；11．配重悬挂架；12．支撑台；13．配重钻铤；14．岩石和钻头；15．底座；16．换向器；17．扭转弹性杆；18．减速机；19．旋转驱动电机
Figure 1. PDC bit impact rock breaking test device
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图 2 破岩扭矩和钻压传感器的装配简图
Figure 2. Assembly of torque sensor and WOB sensor for rock breaking
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图 3 PDC钻头冲击破岩试验装置的冲击模块
Figure 3. Impact module of impact rock breaking test device with PDC bit
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图 4 试验用花岗岩的单轴压缩应力−应变曲线
Figure 4. Uniaxial compressive stress–strain curve of granite for test
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图 6 不同送钻参数下钻头转速和破岩扭矩曲线
Figure 6. Curves of bit rotation speed and rock breaking torque under different drilling parameters
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图 7 不同送钻参数下的转速幅频分析结果
Figure 7. Amplitude-frequency analysis of rotation speeds under different drilling parameters
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图 8 不同频率轴扭复合冲击钻进时钻头的转速
Figure 8. Bit rotation speeds during drilling under composite impact drilling with different frequency
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图 9 不同频率轴扭复合冲击钻进时钻头转速的幅频特性
Figure 9. Amplitude-frequency characteristics of bit rotation speed under composite impact drilling with different frequency
表 1 不同送钻参数下的实际钻进参数
Table 1 Actual drilling parameters under different drilling parameters
ωa ωr/（r·min−1） 平均钻压/kN 平均扭矩/（N·m） 平均钻速/（mm·s−1） 10 20 9.29 102.29 0.14 20 20 12.73 164.19 0.28 30 20 15.16 221.37 0.42 40 20 20.12 260.78 0.63 
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表 2 冲击参数设置与实钻参数
Table 2 Impact parameter settings and actual drilling parameters
试验
编号fai幅值/
kNMti幅值/
（N·m）冲击
频率/Hz平均
钻压/kN平均扭
矩/（N·m）平均钻速/
（mm·s−1）无冲击 0 0 0 15.16 221.37 0.42 CC−1 1.5 22 50 13.87 165.42 0.42 CC−2 1.5 22 100 14.03 182.26 0.43 CC−3 1.5 22 150 14.16 182.68 0.44 CC−4 1.5 22 200 14.11 186.08 0.42
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