Research and Field Test of Electrically Controlled Sidewall Deep Penetrating Perforating Technology
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摘要: 现有水力钻孔技术虽然弥补了传统火药射孔穿透距离短、有压实效应等不足，但施工时需要油管或连续管配合，作业周期长、成本高，而且仅依靠地面泵压信号难以直接准确监测施工进程。针对这一问题，进行了井壁深穿透电控钻孔技术研究。优选直流电机代替高压水泵作为施工的能量来源；采用电缆悬吊方式代替油管或连续管传送钻孔工具，通过电缆传输电能和发送控制命令控制钻孔作业；研制实时监测系统，以及时准确地监测地层钻进过程，形成了井壁深穿透电控钻孔系统。地面试验和现场试验证明，该技术可钻入地层2.00 m以上，形成直径20.0～30.0 mm的孔道，其监测系统通过识别和记录井下霍尔传感器在地层钻进时产生的脉冲电信号，可及时准确地计算出实际钻孔长度。研究结果表明，井壁深穿透电控钻孔技术采用电缆传送，高效、快速、成本低，很好地弥补了传统火药射孔的不足，为沟通改造近井地层提供了一种新方法；同时，该技术的监测系统可在施工时对钻进长度等参数实时监测，解决了现有水力钻孔技术无法监测施工进程的问题。Abstract: Traditional explosive perforation is subject to a short penetration distance and a compaction effect. Although the existing hydraulic perforating technology has remedied the deficiencies, it needs to cooperate with oil tubing or coiled tubing, with a long operation period and a high cost. Also, it is difficult to monitor the construction process directly and accurately only with surface pump pressure signals. With regard to this problem, research was performed on electrically controlled sidewall deep penetrating perforating technology (ECSDPPT). DC motors were selected to replace high-pressure water pumps as the energy source. Perforating tools were suspended by electric cables for transmission instead of oil tubing or coiled tubing, and the cables also transmitted electrical energy and delivered commands to control perforating operations. A real-time monitoring system was developed to monitor the drilling process into formations timely and accurately. As a result, an electrically controlled sidewall deep penetrating perforating system was built. Ground and field tests prove that the ECSDPPT enables the drilling into formations by over 2.00 m, forming a borehole with a diameter of 20.0–30.0 mm. The monitoring system can accurately calculate the actual perforating length in time by identifying and recording the electric pulse signals from a downhole Hall sensor during formation drilling. The research results demonstrate that the ECSDPPT relying on cable transmission is fast, efficient and low-cost. It overcomes the shortcomings of conventional explosive perforation, providing a new method for connecting and reforming near wellbore formations. In addition, the monitoring system can record the drilling length and other parameters in real time during construction, effectively solving the failure of the existing hydraulic perforating technology in monitoring the working process.
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Keywords:
- electric control /
- perforating /
- deep penetrating /
- sidewall /
- near wellbore formation /
- field test
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图 1 井壁深穿透电控钻孔系统结构
Figure 1. Structure of the electrically controlled sidewall deep penetrating perforating system
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图 2 井壁深穿透电控钻孔系统的工作原理
Figure 2. Working principle of the electrically controlled sidewall deep penetrating perforating system
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图 10 监测系统结构
1.滑块；2.磁柱；3.传动轴；4.霍尔传感器；5.导锥；6.滑环；7.联轴节；8.柔性钻杆
Figure 10. Structure of the monitoring system
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图 11 液压系统工作原理
1.溢流阀；2.液压泵；3.过滤器；4.电机；5.钻进电磁阀；6.锚定电磁阀
Figure 11. Working principle of the hydraulic system
表 1 无刷直流电机效率测试结果
Table 1 Efficiency tests of brushless DC motors
测试
序号电压/
V电流/
A输入功率/
W转速/
(r·min–1)输出功率/
W电机
效率，%1 600 1.6 976 400 902 92 2 600 2.5 1 510 400 1 390 92 3 600 3.5 2 106 400 1 913 91 
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表 2 试验井与邻井完井效果对比
Table 2 Comparison between completion results of test wells and adjacent wells
井号 完井方式 施工井段/m 有效层厚度/m 水量/m3 单位厚度产水量/m3 J31 电控钻孔 2 352.00～2 397.00 45.00 30.3 0.673 J20 电控钻孔 2 021.00～2 045.00 24.00 19.1 0.796 J-W1-02 筛管完井 2 092.00～2 374.00 165.00 50.0 0.303 J2-9-12 射孔完井 2 065.00～2 076.00
2 111.00～2 160.0060.00 19.2 0.320
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