Large-Scale Energy Storage Volumetric Fracturing Technology for Horizontal Wells in the An 83 Shale Oil Reservoir
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摘要: 安83区页岩油储层致密，能量补充效果差，早期提高单井产量措施未能获得预期的开发效果。根据前期注水补能探索及重复压裂试验认识，在注水补充地层能量和升级压裂工具的基础上，研究了极限分簇射孔、储层差异化改造和多级动态暂堵等工艺，不仅提高了裂缝复杂程度，同时优化闷井时间，形成了水平井大规模蓄能体积压裂技术。现场试验结果表明，应用该技术后，水平井产量大幅提高，最高单井日产油量为邻井的7倍，措施后生产10个月，单井累计增油量达到2 010.0 t，效果和效益显著提高。该技术可实现同时补充地层能量及有效改造储层，对同类油藏的开发具有一定的技术参考价值。Abstract: Early single-well stimulation attempts in the An83 shale oil reservoir failed to achieve the desired results due to its tight formation and poor energy replenishing effect. According to the previous attempts at energy storage by water injection and refracturing experiments, formation energy was replenished through water injection and the fracturing tools were upgraded. On this basis, extreme clustered perforation, differential reservoir stimulation and multistage dynamic temporary plugging were studied to improve the complexity of fractures, and the well shut-in time was optimized. Finally, the large-scale energy storage volumetric fracturing technology was formed. Field testing results showed that the production of horizontal wells was significantly increased by using the new technology, and the daily oil production of a single test well achieved up to 7 times that of adjacent wells. After 10 months of production, the cumulative oil increment of a single well reached 2 010 tons, with good economic benefits. The technology can replenish the energy of reservoir and effectively stimulate the reservoir, providing a reference for the development of other similar reservoirs.
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图 1 补能液量与地层局部压力增量的关系
Figure 1. Relationship between the amount of energy replenishing fluid and the increment of the local formation pressure
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图 3 2017年与2019年水平井体积压裂后日增油量对比
Figure 3. Comparison of daily oil increment after volumetric fracturing of horizontal wells in 2017 and 2019
表 1 极限分簇射孔与常规射孔多簇起裂有效性对比
Table 1 Comparison of the multi-cluster initiation effectiveness by extreme clustered perforation and conventional perforation
井号 段序 射孔技术 簇数 孔眼总数/
个有效孔
眼数/个孔眼有
效率，%有效进液
簇数H1 15 常规 6 54.0 25.8 47.8 3 16 极限 10 20.0 16.7 83.5 8 H2 19 常规 4 36.0 25.7 71.4 3 20 极限 10 20.0 18.5 92.5 9 
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表 2 储层改造差异化设计
Table 2 Differential design for reservoir stimulation
储层
分类电阻率/
（Ω·m）油层厚度/
m渗透率/
mD加砂强度/
（t·m–1）进液强度/
（m3·m–1）Ⅰ类 ≥40 ≥12.0 ≥0.15 5.0～6.0 20.0～25.0 Ⅱ类 30～40 9.0～12.0 0.10～0.15 4.0～5.0 17.0～22.0 Ⅲ类 25～30 6.0～9.0 0.01～0.10 3.0～4.0 15.0～20.0 Ⅳ类 ≥25 0.0～6.0 ≥0.01 暂不动用，如大段连续分布，规模参考Ⅲ类储层
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表 3 3口措施井规模及效果统计
Table 3 Statistics of fracturing scale and effect in 3 horizontal wells
井号 实施段数 压前补液量/m3 压裂入地液量/m3 放喷液量/m3 压后补液量/m3 措施后动态 日增油/t 累计增油/t 日产液/m3 日产油/t 含水率，% X1 补孔7+复压5 4 610.0 16 558.0 4 571.0 12.8 6.8 37.0 5.7 2 342.0 X2 补孔5+复压3 8 920.0 11 296.0 2 786.0 4 900.0 14.7 7.5 39.7 6.7 2 405.0 X3 补孔5+复压6 8 811.0 15 054.0 4 259.0 11.0 5.0 45.8 3.0 1 282.0
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