Laboratory Tests on the Rock Breaking Effects of Plasma Torch and Suggestions for Field Application
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摘要:
油气资源和深层地热能开发钻井过程中会遇到岩石硬度大、可钻性差等问题，采用传统钻井技术难以提高钻井效率。针对这一问题，分析了等离子炬的破岩原理，认为等离子炬破岩主要有岩石破碎、熔化和蒸发等方式；利用不同厚度的玄武岩和花岗岩岩样，进行了等离子炬破岩效果室内试验，证明等离子炬可以烧穿50 mm厚的玄武岩岩样和30 mm厚的花岗岩岩样，但不能烧穿更厚的岩样。结合试验结果，分析了现场应用等离子炬钻井技术存在的问题，提出了研发建议。研究结果为深层硬地层等离子炬钻井技术的研究与应用提供了技术借鉴。
Abstract:During the development and drilling of oil and gas resources and deep geothermal energy, many problems such as extremely high rock hardness and poor drillability may be encountered, and it is difficult to improve drilling efficiency by traditional drilling techniques. To solve this problem, the principle underlying rock breaking by plasma torch were analyzed. On the basis of it, rock spallation, melting, and evaporation were found to be the main methods for rock breaking. Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the effect of using plasma torch for breaking basalt samples and granite samples with different thicknesses. It was demonstrated that plasma torch can burn through 50 mm thick basalt sample and 30 mm thick granite sample, but could not burn through thicker rock samples. Combined with the test results, the problems existing in the field application of plasma torch drilling technology were analyzed, and research and development suggestions were thereby advanced. The results of this study can provide reference for the research and application of plasma torch drilling in deep hard formations.
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Keywords:
- plasma torch /
- rock breaking /
- laboratory test /
- high temperature jet /
- suggestions on application
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表 1 岩石熔化和蒸发所需要的能量
Table 1 Energy required for rock melting and evaporation
岩石 熔化温度/℃ 蒸发温度/℃ 熔化比能/
（kJ·cm−3）蒸发比能/
（kJ·cm−3）花岗岩 1 215～1 260 2 960～3 230 4.3～4.4 25.7～28.4 玄武岩 984～1 260 2 960～3 230 4.0～4.8 24.7～27.5 
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表 2 等离子炬破岩试验数据及计算的热能效率
Table 2 Test data of rock breaking by plasma torch and calculated thermal energy efficiency
岩样 孔径/mm 孔深/mm 烧穿时间/s 热能效率，% 30 kW 50 kW 30 kW 50 kW 30 kW 50 kW 30 kW 50 kW 50 mm厚玄武岩 39 43 50 50 140 112 6.2 5.7 100 mm厚玄武岩 56 58 63 74 30 mm厚花岗岩 34 36 30 30 103 68 3.8 3.9 100 mm厚花岗岩 53 68 51 59
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