井下震源发生器优化设计

冯进; 迟少林; 张慢来; 陈维; 黄新宇

doi:10.11911/syztjs.2020117

井下震源发生器优化设计

1.
长江大学机械工程学院，湖北荆州 434023
2.
中国石油天然气集团公司气举试验基地多相流研究室，湖北武汉 430100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“基于Hybrid数据的复杂系统辨识与优化设计及在低渗透油井中的应用”（编号：61572084）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
冯进（1958—），男，四川崇州人，1982年毕业于西南石油学院石油矿场机械专业，1997年获石油大学（北京）石油天然气机械工程专业博士学位，教授，主要从事机械结构与强度、流体机械优化设计及CAD研究。E-mail：feng_jincad@126.com

中图分类号: TE931
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-18
- 修回日期: 2020-08-15
- 网络出版日期: 2020-08-26
- 刊出日期: 2020-09-24

Optimal Design of a Downhole Seismic Generator

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023
2.
Laboratory of Multiphase Pipe Flow, CNPC Gas Lift Innovation Center, Wuhan, Hubei, 430100, China

摘要

摘要: 针对随钻地震强度低、不利于井眼间防碰监测的问题，设计了一种蓄能式井下震源发生器。该发生器主要由活塞、弹簧、冲锤、铁砧和延时装置等组成，通过钻井液蓄能获得高效冲击功。为使其获得最佳输出性能，以冲锤为研究对象，建立了井下震源发生器冲锤流道模型，基于CFD动网格技术，利用CFD软件分析了弹簧刚度、冲锤质量、节流面积、出口直径和数量等设计参数及钻井液密度对井下震源发生器输出性能参数的影响规律，分析得知：节流面积、出口数量、出口直径和钻井液密度与井下震源发生器输出性能参数呈正相关关系；弹簧刚度越大，冲锤最大冲击功对应的位移越小；冲锤的质量越大则速度越小。基于单因素分析结果，以冲锤冲击功为优化目标，利用正交试验优选了设计参数组合方案。研究结果表明：各设计参数对井下震源发生器输出性能的影响不尽相同；出口直径和弹簧刚度对井下震源发生器输出性能的影响极为显著，节流面积、冲锤质量和出口数量对井下震源发生器输出性能的影响显著，而钻井液密度的影响不显著。根据研究结果筛选出了各设计参数水平的最优组合，研究结果还可以为井下震源发生器的设计提供依据。
- 震源发生器 /
- 优化设计 /
- CFD动网格 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 正交试验
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of low seismic intensity while drilling, which is detrimental to the anti-collision monitoring between boreholes, an energy storage downhole seismic generator was designed.This generator is composed primarily of a piston, spring, impact hammer, anvil and a delay device. It was able to achieve high efficiency impact by means of the energy storage of drilling fluid. In order to achieve the optimal performance, taking the impact hammer as research object, the impact hammer flow passage model of downhole seismic generator was established. With the CFD software, the influence law on the output performance parameters of downhole seismic generator brought by the spring stiffness, impact hammer mass, throttling area, the outlet diameter, quantity and drilling fluid density were analyzed based on the CFD dynamic grid technology. The results showed that the throttling area, number of outlets, outlet diameter and drilling fluid density were positively correlated with the output performance parameters of downhole seismic generator. The greater the spring stiffness, the smaller the displacement corresponding to the maximum impact energy of the impact hammer. Correspondingly, the greater the mass of the impact hammer, the lower the velocity. Based on the results of single factor analysis, and by taking the impact energy of impact hammer as the optimization target, the optimal combination of design parameters was obtained by the orthogonal test. The results indicated that each design parameter had its unique effect on the output performance of downhole seismic generator. While the outlet diameter and spring stiffness play a prominent role on the output performance of the generator, the throttling area, hammer mass and number of outlets have a significant role on it, and the influence of drilling fluid density is not significant.Thus, the optimal combination of design parameters was selected based on the research results, which can provide a basis for the design of downhole seismic generator.
- seismic generator /
- optimized design /
- CFD dynamic grid /
- numerical simulation /
- orthogonal test

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图 1 井下震源发生器结构示意

1. 上接头；2. 外筒；3. 活塞；4. 连接器；5. 固定套筒；6. 弹簧；7. 弹簧套筒；8. 冲锤；9. 钢球；10. 止推套筒；11. 铁砧及其外花键套筒；12. 液压延时装置；13. 内花键套筒；14. 下接头

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of downhole seismic generator

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图 2 冲锤流道模型

Figure 2. Flow passage model of impact hammer

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图 3 不同网格数量下冲锤的最大速度

Figure 3. Maximum velocity of impact hammer under differentmesh numbers

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图 4 冲锤一个行程内各输出性能参数的变化规律

Figure 4. Variation law of output parameters of the impact hammer within a stroke

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图 5 不同钻井液密度下冲锤输出性能参数随弹簧刚度的变化

Figure 5. Variation of the output performance parameters of impact hammer with spring stiffness under differentdrilling fluid densities

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图 6 冲锤输出性能参数随节流面积变化的规律

Figure 6. Variation laws of output performance parameters of impact hammer with throttling area

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图 7 冲锤输出性能参数随冲锤质量变化的规律

Figure 7. Variation laws of output performance parameters of hammer with its mass

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图 8 冲锤输出性能参数随出口数量变化的规律

Figure 8. Variation laws of output performance parameters of impact hammer with the number of outlets

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图 9 冲锤输出性能参数随出口直径变化的规律

Figure 9. Variation laws of output performance parameters of impact hammer with outlet diameter

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表 1 弹簧的相关参数

Table 1 Relevant parameters of spring

弹簧最小变形量/mm	弹簧最大变形量/mm	实际行程/ mm	弹簧刚度/ （N∙mm^–1）
21.01	147.08	126.07	38.07
17.90	138.72	120.82	44.70
16.34	138.91	122.57	48.95
14.60	135.01	120.41	54.81
13.68	136.83	123.15	58.47
12.31	132.38	120.07	64.96
11.40	132.55	121.15	70.16
10.49	131.13	120.64	76.26
9.58	131.70	122.12	83.52

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表 2 各影响因素的水平

Table 2 The level of each influencing factors

水平	因素
水平	节流面积（A）/mm²	弹簧刚度（B）/（N·mm^–1）	冲锤质量（C）/kg	出口数量（D）	出口直径（E）/mm	钻井液密度（F）/（kg·m^–3）
1	1 520.53	76.3	60	5	20	1 000
2	2 442.06	44.7	80	7	15	1 200
3	2 875.19	54.8	90	9	25	1 100

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表 3 正交试验方案及试验结果

Table 3 Orthogonal test scheme and the test results

试验序号	A	B	C	D	E	F	冲击功/J
1	1	3	1	1	3	3	333.75
2	2	3	3	2	3	1	512.55
3	2	2	1	3	2	3	296.71
4	3	1	1	2	2	2	368.48
5	3	3	3	1	2	3	290.36
6	2	1	3	3	1	3	618.48
7	1	3	2	3	2	2	322.73
8	3	2	1	3	3	1	417.69
9	1	2	2	2	1	3	330.10
10	3	2	3	1	1	2	364.78
11	3	1	2	2	3	3	631.60
12	1	1	1	1	1	1	398.56
13	2	3	1	2	1	2	379.51
14	1	2	3	2	2	1	303.45
15	1	1	3	3	3	2	533.52
16	2	1	2	1	2	1	359.56
17	2	2	2	1	3	1	390.91
18	3	3	2	3	1	1	493.12
${\overline{K}_1}$	370.35	485.03	365.78	356.32	430.76	414.15
${\overline{K}_2}$	426.29	350.61	421.34	420.95	323.55	393.32
${\overline{K}_3}$	427.67	388.67	437.19	447.04	470.00	416.83

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表 4 正交试验方差分析结果

Table 4 Variance analysis of orthogonal test

方差来源	A	B	C	D	E	F
Ⅲ型平方和	12 832.53	57 611.21	16 872.29	26 174.63	68 968.34	1 987.97
自由度	2	2	2	2	2	2
均方	6 416.26	28 805.61	8 436.15	13 087.32	34 484.17	993.99
F值	4.68	21.01	6.15	9.55	25.16	0.73
显著性	0.072*	0.004**	0.045*	0.020*	0.002**	0.529
主次顺序	E>B>D>C>A>F
最优水平	3	1	3	3	3	3
注：R²=0.964（调整后R²=0.878）；表示显著性较为显著；*表示显著性极为显著。

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井下震源发生器优化设计

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Optimal Design of a Downhole Seismic Generator

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