Temperature and Pressure Coupling Field Distribution Law in Deepwater Drilling Wellbore under Gas Kick
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摘要:
在深水钻井中，气体侵入会对井筒内的温度和压力分布产生显著影响，进而对深水钻井作业带来安全风险。针对深水钻井中的气侵问题，考虑井筒内流体与地层、海水间的传热，建立了气侵条件下的深水钻井井筒温压耦合场计算模型，分析了气侵条件下气液两相流对井筒温度场和压力场的影响，探讨了钻井液循环时间、气侵量、地层深度、海水深度以及钻井液排量等因素对井筒温度场和压力场的影响规律。研究发现：海水深度是影响深水井筒环空温度的主要因素，钻井液排量、地层深度是影响深水井筒环空温度的次要因素，钻井液循环时间与气侵量的影响最小；随着钻井液循环时间、气侵量和钻井液排量增加，井筒温度和压力都降低；随着地层深度增加，井筒温度和压力都升高；随着海水深度增加，井筒温度降低而压力升高。该研究结果对气侵条件下深水钻井井筒温压耦合场分布研究和深水钻井作业安全具有指导意义。
Abstract:Gas kick during deepwater drilling significantly affects the temperature and pressure distribution inside the wellbore, posing potential safety risks to deepwater drilling operations. To address the gas kick issue in deepwater drilling, the heat transfer among the fluid in the wellbore, the formation, and the seawater was considered, and the calculation model for the temperature and pressure coupling field in deepwater drilling wellbore under gas kick was established. The influence of gas-liquid two-phase flow on wellbore temperature and pressure fields under gas kick was analyzed. Additionally, the influence of factors such as drilling fluid circulation time, gas kick amount, formation depth, seawater depth, and flow rate of drilling fluid on wellbore temperature and pressure fields were explored. Results show that the seawater depth is the primary factor affecting the annular temperature of the deepwater wellbore. Drilling fluid flow rate and formation depth are secondary factors. The gas kick amount and circulation time of drilling fluid have the minimal impact. With the increase in the circulation time of drilling fluid, the gas kick amount and flow rate of drilling fluid, the wellbore temperature and pressure both decrease. With the increase in the formation depth, the wellbore temperature and pressure also rise. With the increase in the seawater depth, the wellbore temperature decreases, while the pressure increases. The results have a guiding significance for the temperature and pressure coupling field distribution in deepwater drilling wellbore and the safety of deepwater drilling operations.
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图 2 深水钻井中井筒内气液两相流质量守恒物理模型
Figure 2. Physical model of mass conservation for gas-liquid two-phase flow in deepwater drilling wellbore
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图 6 钻柱温度与环空温度随井深的变化
Figure 6. Variation of drill string and annular temperatures with well depth
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图 8 钻柱和环空压力随井深的变化
Figure 8. Variation of drill string and annular pressures with well depth
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图 9 钻井液循环时间对环空温度的影响
Figure 9. Influence of circulation time of drilling fluid on annular temperature
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图 10 钻井液循环时间对环空压力的影响
Figure 10. Influence of circulation time of drilling fluid on annular pressure
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图 17 钻井液排量对环空温度的影响
Figure 17. Influence of flow rate of drilling fluid on annular temperature
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图 18 钻井液排量对环空压力的影响
Figure 18. Influence of flow rate of drilling fluid on annular pressure
表 1 热物性参数
Table 1 Thermophysical parameters
物质 密度/
（g∙cm–3）比热容/
（J∙（kg·℃）–1）导热系数/
（W∙(m·℃)–1）钻井液 1.200 1 675 1.73 管柱 7.800 400 43.75 海水 1.025 3 890 0.58 地层岩石 2.640 837 2.25 
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表 2 正交试验结果
Table 2 Orthogonal experiment results
组数 钻井液循环时间/h 气侵量/（m3∙h−1） 地层深度/m 海水深度/m 钻井液排量/（m3∙s−1） 环空井底温度/℃ 1 1 3.6 3 500 750 0.030 41.7 2 1 7.2 4 000 1 000 0.035 39.9 3 1 10.8 4 500 1 250 0.040 38.6 4 1 14.4 5 000 1 500 0.045 38.2 5 2 3.6 4 000 1 250 0.045 35.2 6 2 7.2 3 500 1 500 0.040 35.3 7 2 10.8 5 000 750 0.035 50.2 8 2 14.4 4 500 1 000 0.030 45.3 9 3 3.6 4 500 1 500 0.040 37.0 10 3 7.2 5 000 1 250 0.045 38.9 11 3 10.8 3 500 1 000 0.030 40.9 12 3 14.4 4 000 750 0.035 41.7 13 4 3.6 5 000 1 000 0.035 44.7 14 4 7.2 4 500 750 0.030 47.3 15 4 10.8 4 000 1 500 0.045 33.7 16 4 14.4 3 500 1 250 0.040 34.8 温度水平 K1水平 39.600 39.650 38.175 45.225 43.800 K2水平 41.500 40.350 37.625 42.700 44.125 K3水平 39.625 40.850 42.050 36.875 36.425 K4水平 40.125 40.000 43.000 36.050 36.500 最大值与最小值之差 1.900 1.200 5.375 9.175 7.700 主控因素等级 4 5 3 1 2
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