Calculation Method for Complex Fracture Network Area of Shale Fracturing Based on Octree Grid
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摘要:
深层页岩气主要采用切割压裂技术开发，但基于微地震监测计算储层改造体积的压裂效果评价方法只适用于中深层页岩气体积压裂，不适用评价深层页岩气密切割压裂效果。为此，基于八叉树网格，建立了一种压裂复杂缝网面积估算模型，通过估算压裂复杂缝网面积评价深层页岩气密切割压裂效果。压裂复杂缝网面积估算模型将微地震事件分解为八叉树网格，并基于网格等效面积方法构建了三维复杂缝网面积等效模型，实现了在无需重构缝网的情况下对缝网面积的高效估算。为了定量评价所建模型的计算误差，建立了基于高斯混合模型的合成微地震事件点生成方法。模拟结果表明，压裂复杂缝网面积估算模型具有良好的计算效率和估算精度。现场应用实例表明，与传统的储层改造体积评价方法相比，储层改造缝网面积法能够更加精细地表征深层页岩气密切割压裂的效果。
Abstract:Deep shale gas is mainly developed by cutting fracturing technology. However, the fracturing effect evaluation method based on microseismic event monitoring for calculating stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) is only suitable for volume fracturing of shale gas wells in medium and deep formations, and it is not applicable for evaluating the tight cutting fracturing effectiveness of deep shale gas wells. Therefore, a model for estimating the area of complex fracture network based on the octree grid was established to evaluate the effectiveness of tight cutting fracturing in deep shale gas wells by estimating the complex fracture network area. This model decomposes microseismic events into octree grids and a three-dimensional complex fracture network area equivalent model based on the grid equivalent area method was constructed, by which the area of fracture network can be efficiently estimated without reconstructing the fracture network. In order to quantitatively evaluate the calculation error of this model, a set of synthetic microseismic event point generation methods based on the Gaussian mixture model was established. The simulation results show that this method has high calculation efficiency and estimation accuracy. Field application examples show that compared with the traditional SRV evaluation method, the method can more accurately evaluate the effectiveness of tight cutting fracturing in deep shale gas wells.
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图 2 微地震事件点集的八叉树网格划分示意
Figure 2. Octree grid decomposition of microseismic event point set
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图 3 微地震事件点集对应的多层次网格结构
Figure 3. Multi-level grid structure corresponding to microseismic event points
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图 5 八叉树缝网面积计算模型模拟验证流程
Figure 5. Simulation and verification process of fracture network area calculation model based on octree grid
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图 6 不同数量裂缝缝网事件点集对应等效网格的提取
Figure 6. Extraction of equivalent grids corresponding to fracture network event point sets with different numbers of fractures
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图 7 不同裂缝数量缝网等效缝网面积和真实缝网面积的模拟计算结果
Figure 7. Simulated calculation results of equivalent fracture network area and actual fracture network area with different numbers of fractures
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图 8 不同裂缝数量缝网等效面积的平均相对误差
Figure 8. Average relative errors of equivalent fracture network area with different numbers of fractures
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图 9 B平台水平井压裂过程中监测得到的微地震事件点
Figure 9. Microseismic event points monitored during the fracturing process of horizontal wells on platform B
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图 10 B平台3口水平井事件点的数量和密度分布
Figure 10. Number and density distribution of event points for three horizontal wells on platform B
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图 11 B平台3口水平井150 d的累计产量
Figure 11. Cumulative gas production of three horizontal wells on platform B over 150 days
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图 12 B平台3口水平井SRV模型的计算结果
Figure 12. SRV model calculation results of three horizontal wells on platform B
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