Progress and Development Strategies of Sliding and Rotary Steerable Drilling Technologies
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摘要:
旋转导向钻井技术是实现油气钻井向数字化、智能化方向发展的核心技术,已经在国外定向井/水平井钻井中得到广泛应用,其核心装备旋转导向钻井系统也已成为油气钻井工程领域最重要的前沿装备之一。在介绍滑动导向钻井与旋转导向钻井技术原理和特点的基础上,分析了国内外旋转导向钻井技术的主要进展,提出了我国旋转导向钻井技术发展方向和发展路径。分析认为,随着油气勘探开发向更深层、更复杂的环境迈进,滑动导向钻井技术的提升空间有限,旋转导向钻井技术的应用将更加普遍;国内旋转导向系统与国外相比差距很大,需要加强旋转导向钻井井下闭环控制、随钻测量数据传输等基础研究,强化旋转导向系统偏置方式、测量控制方式、井下动力源驱动方式技术攻关,构建完善井下智能控制闭环、地下地面双向通信、井场总部远程监控“三环”高速畅联、相辅相成的软件系统,加快推进旋转导向钻井技术迭代升级和推广应用,实现我国定向井/水平井钻井方式从滑动导向为主向旋转导向为主转变,从而助力我国深层、深海和非常规油气勘探开发实现跨越式发展。
Abstract:The rotary steerable drilling technology is the core technology to realize the development of oil and gas drilling towards digitalization and intelligence. It has been widely used in foreign directional well/horizontal well drilling, and its core equipment, rotary steerable drilling system, has become one of the most important cutting-edge equipment in the field of oil and gas drilling engineering. The principles and characteristics of sliding and rotary steerable drilling technologies were introduced, and the progress of rotary steerable drilling technology in China and abroad was analyzed. The development direction and implementation path of rotary steerable drilling technology in China were pointed out. It is suggested that with the development of oil and gas exploration and development towards deeper and more complex environments, the space for potential exploration and improvement of sliding steerable drilling technology is limited, and the application of rotary steerable drilling. Will be more widespread. There is a big gap between Chinese rotary steerable drilling systems and foreign ones. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen basic research on downhole closed-loop control and measurement data transmission while drilling of rotary steerable drilling and optimize the bias method, measurement control method, and downhole power source-driven method of rotary steering system. Moreover, it is important to build and improve the software system involving intelligent downhole closed-loop control, underground and ground two-way communication, and remote monitoring of the well site headquarters, which are interconnected and complementary, accelerate the iterative upgrading and widespread application of rotary steerable drilling technology, and achieve the transformation of China’s directional well/horizontal well drilling method from sliding steerable drilling technology to rotary steerable drilling technology, so as to help China achieve leapfrog development in deep, deep-sea, and unconventional oil and gas exploration and development.
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表 1 国外旋转导向系统类型及关键参数
Table 1 Types and key parameters of foreign rotary steering systems
型号 贝克休斯Auto Trak 斯伦贝谢PowerDrive 哈里伯顿Geo-Pilot G3 Cruve Lucida Xceed Archer NeoSteer CLx Hybrid Dirigo iCruise 技术特点 推靠式 推靠式 小尺寸、静态推靠、
高温、高造斜指向式 混合式 全旋转、钻头推靠、
高集成、智能化指向式 指向式 全旋转、动态推靠、智能化 最大造斜率/
((°)·(30m)−1)6.5 15.0 15.0 8.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 18.0 最大钻压/kN 255 250 245 245 245 245 289 最大转速/
(r·min−1)400 250 400 350 350 350 250 245 400 最高工作温度/℃ 150 150 175 150 150 150 150 150 150 最大静压/MPa 140 140 140 140 175 175 140 近钻头井斜①/m 1.0 1.8 有 4.4 2.0 有 1.0 1.0 有 近钻头伽马①/m 5.4 3.5 有 2.7 有 1.0 1.0 有 注:①表示仪器测量点离钻头的距离。 表 2 国内旋转导向系统类型及主要参数
Table 2 Types and main parameters of domestic rotary steering systems
序号 研发企业 产品名称 系统类型 系统规格 适用温度/℃ 系统现状 1 中国海油 Welleader® 静态推靠式 475,675和950 ≤150 675已产业化,475和950处于试验阶段 2 中国石化 SINOMACS ATS 静态推靠式 675 ≤165 投入应用 3 川庆钻探 CG−STEER 静态推靠式 675 ≤150 投入应用 4 航天一院 AutoServo 静态推靠式 475,675和950 ≤150 投入应用 5 中油测井 CNPC−IDS 静态推靠式 475和675 ≤175 投入应用 6 天意石油 D−Guider RSS 静态推靠式 675 ≤150 投入应用 7 中国科学院 静态推靠式 475和675 ≤150 研发阶段 8 宏华石油 静态推靠式 675 ≤150 研发阶段 9 西安石油大学 静态推靠式 675 ≤150 样机试验 -
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