Status and Development Trend of Digital Bit Technologies
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摘要:
传统钻具组合力学结构和动力钻具工作特性的限制，测量装置无法获取钻头位置处的真实数据，导致智能钻井在决策与控制层面存在风险。国内外油服公司开发了多种数字钻头测量系统，在不改变钻头结构的前提下能够安装在钻头内部进行数据采集，为理论研究、钻井设计和钻井决策控制等提供了数据支持。为推动我国数字钻头的发展，调研了现有各类数字钻头发展现状，讨论了数字钻头技术的应用场景和发展趋势，并提出了技术发展建议。
Abstract:Due to the limitation of the operating characteristics of the conventional bottom hole assembly (BHA) and the power drilling tool, the measuring device fails to obtain the real data at the bit position, which leads to the risk of intelligent drilling at the decision-making and control levels. Chinese and foreign oilfield service companies have developed a variety of digital bit measurement systems. These digital bit measurement systems can be installed inside the bit for data acquisition without changing the structure of the bit, providing data support for theoretical research, drilling design, and drilling decision control. In order to promote the development of digital bits in China, various kinds of digital bits were investigated. The status, application scenarios, and development trend of digital bits were discussed, and development suggestions were put forward.
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Keywords:
- digital bit /
- technical status /
- development suggestions /
- condition diagnosis /
- optimized drilling
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图 2 探管在钻压、扭矩作用下的应力分布
Figure 2. Stress distribution of probe under weight on bit and torque
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图 6 以数字钻头为核心的智能化科学钻井技术架构
Figure 6. Technical framework of intelligent and scientific drilling based on digital drill bit
表 1 典型数字钻头参数测量系统的对比
Table 1 Comparison of typical digital drill bit parameter measurement systems
系统类型 工作方式 运动测量 应力测量 续航能力 数据可靠性 可拓展性 结构复杂程度 适配钻头尺寸/mm 探管式 锂电池供电，离线采集、事后分析 直接测量 不能测量 高 高 无 简单 ≥142.9 偏置式 简化模型 简化模型 中 中 高 简单 ≥120.7 阵列式 阵列解耦 电桥解耦 低 高 高 复杂 ≥215.9 
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