Abstract: Under the dual constraints of the“Dual Carbon”goals and the new energy security strategy, the traditional energy development model has been difficult to achieve high-quality development and high-level security. Cultivating new energy productivity has become the key path to solve this dilemma. In order to deeply analyze the composition and operation mechanism of the new energy productivity system, this paper constructs the analysis framework of the new energy productivity system based on the system theory, and systematically explains its element composition, structural correlation and functional mechanism. In terms of factor composition, the new energy productivity system is a complex adaptive system composed of basic elements, enabling elements and synergistic elements through nonlinear coupling, showing emerging characteristics such as innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing, so as to respond to changes in the external environment as a whole. In terms of structural correlation, the internal system forms a dynamic combination mechanism through mass state adaptation, quantum state matching, spatial optimization and time coordination, and the elements are highly coupled to jointly drive the structural evolution and functional upgrading of the energy system. In terms of functional mechanism, the system aims to break the " energy impossibility triangle " as the core goal, and help build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient new energy system by promoting the in-depth development of energy consumption, supply, technology and institutional revolution. In order to cultivate new energy productivity, we should adopt the three-dimensional strategy of “technology-factor-industry”to build an open innovation ecology, promote the quality of factors and optimize the industrial structure, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the coordinated realization of high-quality energy development and high-level security under dual constraints.