Abstract: Surface logging has played a significant role in the exploration breakthroughs and rapid production increase in the "two deeps, one unconventional, one old and one new" fields, but the "15^th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial window for mud logging to achieve intelligent transformation. In order to promote the high-quality development of Surface logging, this paper systematically summarizes the main progress made during the "14^th Five-Year Plan" period from such five aspects as geological information surface logging, engineering information surface logging, integrated geological and engineering surface logging, automated surface logging, and intelligent surface logging. The opportunities for the development of surface logging are analyzed from four aspects: the continuous winning of world awards by surface logging technology, the urgent need for cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the oil and gas field and the exploration of ultra-deep wells over 10,000 meters, the vigorous rise of new energy, and the rapid development of artificial intelligence. The challenges faced by the development of surface logging were analyzed from four aspects: weak basic theory, insufficient advanced technology, shortcomings in services, and poor development ecology. It is proposed that surface logging should be based on two scenarios-on-site and mobile laboratories, and two objects-formation information and engineering information. Moreover, efforts should be made in five directions: enhancing the potential of existing technologies, developing new quality technologies, integrating diverse technologies, achieving intelligent transformation and upgrading, and expanding service areas. The summary of these advancements and the proposal of directions play a guiding role for surface logging in seizing opportunities and overcoming challenges, and also have a promoting effect on theoretical deepening, paradigm transformation, value enhancement, and ecological improvement.