海上低渗油田水平井压裂地质−工程双甜点评价新方法以珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷为例

A New Geological-Engineering Double Sweet Point Evaluation Method for Horizontal Well Fracturing in Offshore Low-Permeability Oilfield: A Case Study of Lufeng Sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin

  • 摘要: 海上低渗深层油气资源量巨大,水平井分段多簇压裂是海上低渗油田高效开发的有效手段。其中,储层甜点是海上压裂方案设计时划分段簇的直接依据,但海上低渗储层非均质性强,方案设计时面临地质甜点和工程甜点识别困难、对地质力学和裂缝扩展规律认识不清等问题。为此,提出了考虑泥质含量、全烃含量、孔隙度、渗透率、可动流体饱和度、岩石力学性质、地应力场和裂缝起裂延伸等多因素影响的地质−工程双甜点评价方法,建立了海上低渗油田地质−工程双甜点模型。以陆丰凹陷L区块低渗油藏为例,建立了三维地质工程甜点模型,对产量、施工压力、双甜点系数开展了研究对比。研究结果表明:地质−工程双甜点评价模型能较好地反映研究区块甜点空间分布规律,压后产能符合预期;工程甜点较好层段的施工压力较低,改造难度相对较小;基于地质−工程一体化的双甜点模型耦合多参数进行评价,能有效提高压裂方案设计的准确性和可靠性。研究认为,海上低渗油田水平井压裂设计应以地质−工程双甜点为基础,在考虑地质甜点的基础上,尽可能优选工程甜点段进行射孔分段,以保证最佳改造效果。该方法可为海上低渗油田地质−工程双甜点评价和“少井高产”提供理论支撑。

     

    Abstract: Offshore deep low-permeability reservoirs exhibit vast potential oil and gas resources, and multi-cluster staged fracturing in horizontal wells serves as an effective way for the efficient development of offshore low-permeability oilfields. Among them, reservoir sweet spots are the primary basis for stage-cluster division in offshore fracturing design. However, offshore low-permeability reservoirs exhibit strong heterogeneity, leading to the challenges such as difficulty in identifying geological-engineering sweet spots and unclear understanding of geomechanical features and fracture propagation mechanisms. To address these challenges, a novel geological-engineering double sweet spot evaluation method was proposed, integrating multiple factors such as mud content, total hydrocarbon content, porosity, permeability, movable fluid saturation, rock mechanics properties, in-situ stress field, and fracture initiation and propagation. A geological-engineering double sweet spot model for offshore low-permeability oilfields was established. Taking the low-permeability reservoir in Block L of Lufeng Sag as an example, a three-dimensional geological-engineering sweet spot model was established to study and compare production, construction pressure, and double sweet spot coefficients. The results show that the established geological-engineering double sweet spot evaluation model can effectively reflect the spatial distribution of sweet spots in the study area, and the post-fracturing productivity aligns with expectations; intervals with superior engineering sweet spots exhibit lower construction pressure, indicating relatively smaller stimulation difficulty; the double sweet spot model based on geological-engineering integration, which couples with multiple parameters for evaluation, can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of fracturing design. The study suggests that the horizontal well fracturing design for offshore low-permeability oilfields should be based on the geological-engineering double sweet spots, considering the geological sweet spots while prioritizing the engineering sweet spots section for perforation clusters to ensure effective stimulation. This method provides theoretical support for geological-engineering double sweet spot evaluation and “high production with fewer wells” strategies in offshore low-permeability oilfields.

     

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