基于双凝水泥浆的控压固井候凝阶段井筒温压场预测模型

Prediction Model of Wellbore Temperature and Pressure Fields during Managed Pressure Cementing and Waiting on Cement Setting Based on Dual-Setting Cement Slurry System

  • 摘要: 针对超深井窄密度窗口地层控压固井候凝阶段精确预测井筒压力的需求,基于水泥水化动力学(K−D模型)、井筒传热学及Terzaghi固结理论,考虑双凝水泥浆体系中领浆与尾浆性能的差异,建立了控压固井候凝阶段井筒温压场预测模型,形成了分段憋压方案的设计方法。通过室内候凝失重试验验证了所建的井筒温压场预测模型,模型预测压力与实测压力误差小于6%,可靠性显著。以A井为例,通过分析关键参数的预测结果发现:地层温度和水化放热会影响环空的温度分布,水化速率较低时,地层温度对环空温度的变化起主导作用;水化速率较高时,水化放热起主导作用。对于双凝水泥浆,由于尾浆为快干水泥浆且尾浆处温度较高,因此尾浆的水化度大于领浆的水化度。候凝一段时间后,井底压力将低于地层孔隙压力,设计井口憋压值每次增加3 MPa,共增加了5次,每次增加后的井底压力低于地层破裂压力,若采用常规憋压方法,则极易压漏地层。研究成果可为控压固井候凝阶段井筒压力的准确预测及精细控制提供理论支撑。

     

    Abstract: To meet the demand for precise prediction of wellbore pressure during waiting on cement setting stage in managed pressure cementing in ultra-deep wells with narrow density windows, based on cement hydration kinetics (K−D model), wellbore heat transfer theory, and Terzaghi consolidation theory, the performance differences between the lead and trailing slurries in dual-setting cement slurry systems were considered, and a wellbore temperature and pressure field prediction model for waiting on cement setting stage in managed pressure cementing was established. A design method for staged pressure-holding schemes was then formed. The laboratory weight loss experiment of waiting on cement setting was carried out to verify the established wellbore temperature-pressure prediction model. The error between the predicted and measured pressure was less than 6%, indicating remarkable reliability. Taking Well A as an example, the analysis of predicted key parameters reveled that formation temperature and hydration heat release affect the temperature distribution in annular space, with formation temperature playing a dominant role in the change of temperature in annular space when the hydration rate is low, and hydration heat release plays a dominant role when the hydration rate is high. For a dual-setting cement slurry system, the hydration degree of the tail slurry is larger than that of the lead slurry because the tail slurry is a quick-setting cement slurry, and the temperature at the tail slurry is higher. After waiting for a period of time, the bottomhole pressure falls below the formation pore pressure, and the designed wellhead pressure-holding value is increased by 3 MPa increments for 5 stages. The bottomhole pressure after each increase remaining below the formation fracture pressure. If the conventional pressure-holding method is used, it is prone to cause leakage in the formation. The results of the study can provide theoretical support for the accurate prediction and fine control of wellbore pressure during waiting on cement setting stage in managed pressure cementing.

     

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