Experimental Study of a Dual-Action Inhibitor Impeding Hydrate Aggregation and Adhesion to Borehole Wall
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摘要:
水合物颗粒聚集及粘附井壁是深水作业中井筒堵塞的重要原因。为探究不同因素对水合物颗粒聚集及粘附管壁的影响，采用水合物颗粒间相互作用力测试装置，分析了温度、接触时间及环境介质对环戊烷水合物颗粒间内聚力及其与管壁粘附力的作用规律；结合水合物堵塞评价试验，考察了椰油酰胺类表面活性剂DEA抑制水合物聚集与粘附的效果。结果表明：水合物颗粒间内聚力及颗粒与壁面粘附力随着温度升高和接触时间增长而增大，且在空气中的内聚力和粘附力显著高于在液态环戊烷中；水合物颗粒与疏水壁面的粘附力最小。DEA在液态环戊烷和空气中均能有效降低水合物颗粒间内聚力及颗粒与壁面粘附力，加量为0.5%时，内聚力分别降低51%和53%，粘附力分别降低82%和60%。在低温高压条件下，DEA可有效抑制水合物的聚集与粘附。研究表明，DEA与深水水基钻井液的配伍性良好，可作为深水钻井液用双效水合物抑制剂。
Abstract:Aggregation between hydrate particles and adhesion to the borehole wall are important causes of wellbore plugging during deepwater operations. In order to investigate the effects of different factors on the aggregation of hydrate particles and adhesion to the borehole wall, the effects of temperature, contact time, and environmental medium on the cohesive force between cyclopentane hydrate particles and their adhesive force to the borehole wall were analyzed with the help of a hydrate particle interaction force test device, and the effects of the cocamide surfactant DEA on the inhibition of hydrate aggregation and adhesion were investigated with combination of hydrate clogging evaluation experiments. The results show that the cohesive force between hydrate particles and the adhesive force between particles and walls increase as temperature and contact time increase; the interaction forces in air are higher than those in liquid-phase cyclopentane; the hydrate particles show the smallest adhesive force to hydrophobic surfaces. DEA can effectively reduce the cohesive force between hydrate particles and the adhesive force between particles and the wall in both liquid-phase cyclopentane and air. At a concentration of 0.5%, it reduces the cohesive force by 51% and 53% and the adhesive force by 82% and 60%, respectively. In the high-pressure and low-temperature conditions, it can inhibit the aggregation and adhesion of hydrates. The results show that DEA has good compatibility with deepwater water-based drilling fluid and it can be used as a dual-action hydrate inhibitor for deepwater drilling fluids.
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图 1 温度对水合物颗粒间内聚力的影响
Figure 1. Effect of temperature on cohesive force between hydrate particles
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图 2 接触时间对水合物颗粒间内聚力的影响
Figure 2. Effect of contact time on cohesive force between hydrate particles
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图 3 水合物颗粒间液桥随接触时间的变化
Figure 3. Variation of liquid bridge between hydrate particles with contact time
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图 4 温度对水合物颗粒与壁面间粘附力的影响
Figure 4. Effect of temperature on adhesive force between hydrate particles and wall
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图 5 接触时间对水合物颗粒与壁面间粘附力的影响
Figure 5. Effect of contact time on adhesive force between hydrate particles and wall
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图 6 DEA加量对水合物颗粒内聚力的影响
Figure 6. Effect of DEA concentration on cohesive force between hydrate particles
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图 7 DEA加量对水合物颗粒与壁面粘附力的影响
Figure 7. Effect of DEA concentration on adhesive force between hydrate particles and wall
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图 8 水合物聚集堵塞过程中扭矩随时间的变化
Figure 8. Variation of torque with time during hydrate accumulation and clogging
表 1 DEA与深水水基钻井液配伍性评价结果
Table 1 Compatibility evaluation results of DEA and deepwater water-based drilling fluid
DEA加量，% 温度/℃ 表观黏度/（mPa·s） 塑性黏度/（mPa·s） 动切力/Pa 动塑比 静切力/Pa API滤失量/mL 初切 终切 0 25 36.0 23 13.0 0.57 5 12 5.4 2 46.5 30 16.5 0.55 6 14 4.8 0.5 25 40.5 27 13.5 0.50 5 13 5.8 2 53.0 35 18.0 0.51 7 15 5.0 
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