In-Situ Thermal Insulation and Pressure Preservation Sampling Technologies for Deepwater Natural Gas Hydrate
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摘要:
针对深水天然气水合物取样原位温度、压力维持困难的问题，依据牟合方盖几何原理，选用耐高压、耐低温、耐海水腐蚀且寿命长、抗疲劳的材料，研制出海洋深水原位自触发保压控制器，实现深水天然气水合物取样过程中样品压力稳定。基于传热学基本原理，研发了多种主动和被动保温技术，利用自主研发的控温系统，耦合半导体制冷、相变潜热储能和空心微珠复合材料3种保温方案，形成了一种新型复合保温技术，满足了深水天然气水合物取样过程中的样品保温需求。基于保温保压取样关键工具和技术研究成果，研制了贯入式深水天然气水合物原位保温保压取样器，并利用载人深潜器完成2次海试作业，均成功获取了保持原位温度、压力的深水沉积物（天然气水合物）样品。研究结果为深水天然气水合物的安全、高效开发提供了关键技术支撑，也将有力推动深水原位保压保温领域的科研工作与工程实践。
Abstract:In view of the difficulty in maintaining in-situ temperature and pressure during sampling of deepwater natural gas hydrates, based on the geometric principle of the Steinmetz solid, materials resistant to high pressure, low temperature, seawater corrosion, and fatigue and with a long service life were selected. An in-situ self-triggering pressure preservation controller for marine deep water was developed to achieve stable sample pressure during the sampling process of deepwater hydrates. Based on the fundamental principles of heat transfer, a variety of active and passive thermal insulation technologies were developed. By using a self-developed temperature control system and coupling three thermal insulation schemes, namely semiconductor refrigeration, phase change-based latent heat energy storage, and hollow microsphere composite materials, a new type of composite thermal insulation technology was formed, which met the thermal insulation requirements of samples during the sampling process of deepwater hydrates. Based on the research results of key tools and technologies for thermal insulation and pressure preservation sampling, a penetrating in-situ thermal insulation and pressure preservation sampler for deepwater natural gas hydrates was developed. Two sea trial operations were completed using manned deep-sea submersibles, and samples of deepwater sediments (natural gas hydrates) maintaining in-situ temperature and pressure were successfully obtained in both cases. The research result provides key technical support for the safe and efficient development of deepwater natural gas hydrates. It will also strongly promote scientific research and engineering practice in the field of in-situ thermal insulation and pressure preservation in deep water.
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图 1 海洋深水原位自触发保压控制器基本结构
Figure 1. Basic structure of in-situ self-triggering pressure preservation controller for marine deep water
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图 2 磁力式保压控制器保压能力测试结果
Figure 2. Pressure preservation capacity test results of magnetic pressure preservation controller
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图 3 室内保温方案效能测试平台
Figure 3. Laboratory thermal insulation scheme efficiency test platform
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图 4 5种保温方案保温效果对比
Figure 4. Comparison of thermal insulation effects of 5 thermal insulation schemes
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图 6 复合保温技术室内模拟试验结果
Figure 6. Laboratory simulation test results of composite thermal insulation technology
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图 7 贯入式深水原位保压保温取样器基本结构
Figure 7. Basic structure of penetrating in-situ thermal insulation and pressure preservation sampler for deep water
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图 8 海洋深水天然气水合物保压保温取样/存储器海试
Figure 8. Sea trials of thermal insulation and pressure preservation sampler /storage device of marine deepwater hydrate
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图 10 南海海马冷泉深水海底沉积物样品的EDS能谱分析结果
Figure 10. EDS analysis results of deepwater seabed sediment samples from the Haima Cold Seep in the South China Sea
表 1 南海海马冷泉深水海底沉积物样品的元素分布结果
Table 1 Elemental distribution results of deepwater seabed sediment samples from the Haima Cold Seep in the South China Sea
元素 质量分数，% 体积分数，% O 31.22 39.92 C 14.12 24.05 Si 13.05 9.50 Cl 13.02 7.51 Na 8.69 7.72 Ca 8.59 4.39 Al 5.09 3.86 Fe 3.15 1.16 K 1.41 0.74 Mg 1.11 0.92 Mn 0.28 0.11 Ti 0.27 0.12 总量 100.00 100.00 
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表 2 南海海马冷泉沉积物样品的离子含量分析
Table 2 Ion concentration of sediment samples from the Haima Cold Seep in the South China Sea
样品编号 阳离子质量浓度/（mg·L−1） 阴离子质量比/（mg·kg−1） Al3+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Na+ Cs+ F− Cl− Br− NO3− SO42− 491 <10 308 1280 10300 0.174 0.9412 17198.1246 58.3509 10.6888 1609.9664 493 <10 110 337 3250 0.106 0.8019 4616.2957 15.172 2 12.9814 619.674 0 494 <10 470 1440 11500 0.182 0.7287 16820.6774 54.7159 9.5484 2426.710 2
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