Research on the Prediction of Annular Trapping Pressure in Deepwater Wells Considering Solid Sedimentation
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摘要:
深水油气井开采期间，由于水下井口装置的特殊性，井筒内高温流体热膨胀会引起环空圈闭压力升高，导致套管挤毁，严重威胁油气井的井筒完整性。基于定容热力学定律和环空流体质量守恒定律，考虑环空内钻井液固相沉降对环空体积的影响，建立了深水井多环空耦合圈闭压力计算模型；测试了常用钻井液体系的固相沉降规律和流体热物性参数，分析了沉降时间对钻井液密度、等温压缩系数及等压膨胀系数的影响规律；以南海某采气井为例，采用离散网格法，对井筒环空圈闭压力进行迭代求解，分析了不同因素对环空圈闭压力的影响。分析结果表明：固相沉降对钻井液密度的影响较大，随着沉降时间增长，钻井液密度呈明显降低趋势，10 d后钻井液固相沉降趋于稳定；随着沉降时间增长，A环空圈闭压力的变化幅度较小，B、C环空圈闭压力的升高幅度较大；环空圈闭压力与采气量、地温梯度、泊松比及等压膨胀系数呈正相关，与等温压缩系数呈负相关。研究表明，考虑固相沉降的影响可提高环空圈闭压力预测的准确度，为深水油气井管柱选型及制定生产制度提供理论依据。
Abstract:During the exploitation of deepwater oil and gas wells, because of the particularity of the subsea wellhead, the thermal expansion of high temperature fluid in the wellbore causes the increase in annular trapping pressure, which leads to casing collapse and seriously threatens the wellbore integrity of oil and gas wells. Based on the law of constant volume thermodynamics and the mass balance principle in annular fluid, the influence of solid sedimentation of drilling fluid on the annular volume was considered, and a calculation model of multi-annular coupling trapping pressure in deepwater wells was proposed. The sedimentation laws and fluid thermophysical parameters of the commonly used drilling fluid systems were tested, and the influence of sedimentation time on the density, isothermal compression coefficient, and isobaric expansion coefficient of drilling fluid was obtained. By taking a gas production well in the South China Sea as an example, the annular trapping pressure of the wellbore was iteratively solved through the discrete grid method, and the factors affecting the annular trapping pressure were analyzed. The results show that solid sedimentation has a significant impact on the density of drilling fluid. With the increase in sedimentation time, the density of drilling fluid shows a significant downward trend. After 10 days of testing, the solid sedimentation of drilling fluid tends to stabilize. With the increase in sedimentation time, the variation range of the trapping pressure in annular space A is relatively small, while the increase range of the trapping pressure in annular space B and C is relatively large. The annular trapping pressure is positively correlated with the gas production volume, ground temperature gradient, Poisson’s ratio, and isobaric expansion coefficient and negatively correlated with the isothermal compression coefficient. The research results show that considering the influence of solid sedimentation can improve the accuracy of annular trapping pressure prediction, providing a theoretical basis for the selection of pipe strings and the design of production parameters in deepwater wells.
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图 3 考虑固相沉降的钻井液密度变化规律
Figure 3. Variation of density of drilling fluid considering solid sedimentation
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图 4 考虑固相沉降的钻井液等压膨胀系数的变化规律
Figure 4. Variation of isobaric expansion coefficient of drilling fluid considering solid sedimentation
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图 5 考虑固相沉降的钻井液等温压缩系数变化规律
Figure 5. Variation of isothermal compression coefficient of drilling fluid considering solid sedimentation
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图 9 考虑固相沉降井筒环空温度的分布
Figure 9. Annular temperature distribution of wellbore considering solid sedimentation
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图 10 环空圈闭压力随沉降时间的变化规律
Figure 10. Variation of annular trapping pressure with sedimentation time
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图 11 不同密度水基和合成基钻井液的B环空圈闭压力随产气量的变化规律
Figure 11. Variation of trapping pressure in annulus B of annular water-based and synthetic base drilling fluid with different densities with gas production volume
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图 12 B环空圈闭压力随地温梯度和环空长度的变化规律
Figure 12. Variation of trapping pressure in annulus B with ground temperature gradient and annular length
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图 13 B环空圈闭压力随套管弹性模量和泊松比的变化规律
Figure 13. Variation of trapping pressure in annulus B with elastic modulus of casing and Poisson’s ratio
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图 14 B环空圈闭压力随钻井液膨胀系数和压缩系数的变化规律
Figure 14. Variation of trapping pressure in annulus B with expansion coefficient and compression coefficient of drilling fluid
表 1 井筒第i环空第j网格的环空圈闭压力离散求解参数
Table 1 Parameters for discrete solution to annular trapping pressure of wellbore in i-th annular space and j-th grid
井筒第i环空网格 已知参数 求解变量 j=1 ρi1，αi1，βi1 ∆Ti1，∆pi1 j=2 ρi2，αi2，βi2 ∆Ti2，∆pi2 … … … j=m ρim，αim，βim ∆Tim，∆pim 
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