Key Drilling Technologies for Exploratory Wells in Deep Mesozoic Volcanic Rocks in Bohai Oilfield
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摘要:
针对渤海油田中生界火山岩地层存在异常压力圈闭、裂缝发育和易漏失等地质难点，以及使用无固相钻井液保护储层的特殊要求，在深入分析渤海深部中生界火山岩探井钻井过程中面临漏失风险高、耐高温无固相钻井液耐温性能差、地层硬度高导致机械钻速低和非均质性强易发生井斜等技术难点的基础上，通过研究防漏堵漏技术、耐高温高密度无固相钻井液、钻井提速技术和动力防斜钻具组合，形成了渤海深部中生界火山岩探井钻井关键技术。渤海油田的2口深部中生界火山岩探井应用了该关键技术，显著提高了钻井效率，降低了钻井成本，并且这2口井测试获得了高产。研究和现场应用表明，渤海深部中生界火山岩探井钻井关键技术可以解决渤海深部中生界火山岩探井的钻井技术难题，为渤海油田中生界火山岩地层的后续勘探开发提供了技术支持，对类似复杂地质条件下的油气勘探也具有参考价值。
Abstract:Mesozoic volcanic rock formations in Bohai Oilfield have geological characteristics, such as abnormal pressure traps, well-developed fractures, and frequent lost circulation, etc. Based on the special requirements for protecting the reservoir using solid-free drilling fluids, an in-depth analysis of the high risk of lost circulation faced during the drilling process of exploratory wells in deep Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Bohai Oilfield was conducted, as well as the technical difficulties such as poor temperature resistance of high temperature-resistant solid-free drilling fluid, low rate of penetration due to high formation hardness, and well deviation caused by strong heterogeneity. By studying the lost circulation prevention and control technologies, solid-free drilling fluid with high temperature-resistant and high-density, drilling speeding-up technologies, and dynamic deviation prevention bottom hole assembly (BHA), the key drilling technologies for exploratory wells in deep Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Bohai Oilfield were formed. The technologies were applied in two exploratory wells in deep Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Bohai Oilfield, significantly improving the drilling efficiency, reducing the drilling cost, and yielded high production rate during testing. Research and field applications show that the developed key drilling technologies can solve the technical difficulties of drilling exploratory wells in deep Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Bohai Oilfield. They can also provide technical support for the subsequent exploration and development of Mesozoic volcanic rock formations in Bohai Oilfield and has important reference value for oil and gas exploration under similar complex geological conditions.
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图 3 双冲击锤复合冲击提速工具的流道
Figure 3. Flow channel for compound impact acceleration tool with double impact hammer
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图 4 优化后的ϕ16.0 mm齿六刀翼PDC钻头
Figure 4. Optimized 6-blade PDC drill bit with ϕ16.0 mm teeth
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图 5 A2井ϕ215.9 mm井段钻进中的井底当量循环密度
Figure 5. Bottom hole ECD during drilling process of ϕ215.9 mm well section of Well A2
表 1 EZFLOW/HSD钻井液的基本性能
Table 1 Performances of EZFLOW/HSD drilling fluid
钻井液 温度/℃ 表观黏度/(mPa·s) 塑性黏度/(mPa·s) 动切力/Pa 黏度计读数 静切力/Pa API滤失量/mL ϕ6 ϕ3 初切 终切 EZFLOW 80 29 15 14 13 10 6.0 8.0 5.0 130 14 11 3 1 1 1.0 1.5 16.0 HSD 80 32 18 14 10 8 3.0 5.0 3.2 210 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 
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表 2 耐高温高密度无固相钻井液在不同温度下老化后的性能
Table 2 Performance of high temperature-resistant, high-density, and solid-free drilling fluid after aging at different temperatures
老化温度/℃ 表观黏度/（mPa·s） 塑性黏度/（mPa·s） 动切力/Pa 动塑比 黏度计读数 API滤失量/mL ϕ6 ϕ3 25 62 37 25 0.68 6 5 2.6 180 57 36 21 0.58 5 4 2.8 190 56 36 20 0.56 5 4 3.1 200 56 35 21 0.60 4 4 3.2 注：流变性测量温度50 ℃。
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