Study on Rock Breaking Mechanism of Special-Shaped PDC Teeth for Open-Hole Sidetracking in Offshore Deep Hard Formations
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摘要:
海上深部高围压硬质储层裸眼侧钻时,常规钻进方式和常规齿形PDC钻头吃入岩石困难,破岩效率较低。为解决该问题,建立了裸眼侧钻冲击破岩的真三维动力仿真模型,对比了不同齿形钻齿在相同作用下的破岩效果,分析了平面齿、斧形齿、三棱齿3种齿形PDC齿在冲击载荷作用下的破岩机制、不同时刻切削岩石的剪应力分布规律及各PDC异形齿破岩损伤差异;对比了各PDC异形齿在扭转冲击作用下,周向动载和轴向静载比对切削面以下岩石损伤的影响,以及PDC齿的齿形对切削深度与切向力的影响,揭示了PDC异形齿侧钻冲击破岩机理。研究表明,不同齿形PDC齿在不同破岩模式、不同围压、不同切削倾角下的破岩效果有所差异。研究结果可为硬地层侧钻破岩PDC钻头的个性化一趟式优化设计提供理论依据。
Abstract:In open-hole sidetracking of offshore deep and hard reservoirs with high confining pressure, it is difficult for conventional drilling process and polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits with conventional tooth shapes to penetrate formation, and rock breaking efficiency is limited as well. A true three-dimensional dynamic simulation model for open-hole sidetracking impact-induced rock breaking was established, and the rock breaking effects of different tooth shapes under the same action were compared. The rock breaking mechanism of three kinds of PDC teeth, namely, flat teeth, axe teeth, and prism teeth under impact load was analyzed, as well as the shear stress distribution at different moments of rock cutting and the damage difference of different special-shaped PDC teeth during rock breaking. The effects of circumferential dynamic load and axial static load of special-shaped PDC teeth under the torsional impact on the rock damage below the cutting surface were compared, as well as the impact of different PDC tooth shapes on the penetration depth and tangential force, and the rock breaking mechanism of special-shaped PDC teeth during sidetracking was revealed. It is found that the rock breaking efficiency of special-shaped PDC teeth are different under different rock breaking modes, different confining pressures, and different cutting inclination angles. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the personalized one-trip PDC drill bit for sidetracking and rock breaking in hard formations.
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