页岩压裂储层地应力场动态演化规律研究

Dynamic Evolution Law of In-situ Stress Field in Fractured Shale Reservoirs

  • 摘要: 页岩储层应力随着压裂施工不断变化,易引发井筒、地层损伤,影响压裂缝网扩展方向与范围,进而影响后期压裂方案优化与最终开发效果。针对传统地质工程一体化三维静态模型无法准确描述压裂时地应力场动态演化的问题,综合考虑页岩层理非均质性、地质力学特征和压裂缝网扩展复杂性等因素,提出了基于有限差分法的从精细化三维地质力学模型到四维动态地应力渗流−应力全耦合的模拟方法,模拟了真实地层条件下初始地应力场到压裂孔隙压力扩散引发应力扰动的全过程,多维多尺度地分析了水平井压裂对区域地应力的影响规律。研究表明:压裂过程中,随着水力裂缝起裂,压裂液经井周缝网向地层渗流,井筒压力逐步向外传递引起孔隙压力升高,有效应力与地应力呈不同程度降低,其中最小水平主应力的降低幅度最大;随着压力波及范围不断扩大,近井筒区孔隙压力与地应力变化最为集中,与未波及远场地层形成应力集中与压降漏斗效应,引起地层变形挤压使地应力方向发生偏转。该精细地质模型与有限元全耦合联合构建的压裂储层动态地应力场模拟方法,为现场页岩储层压裂优化提供了新的技术思路与参考。

     

    Abstract: The in-situ stress field of shale reservoirs undergoes dynamic changes during hydraulic fracturing operations, potentially inducing wellbore and formation damage. These changes directly influence the orientation and extent of fracture network propagation, subsequently impacting the optimization of fracturing strategies and ultimate development efficiency. Conventional geology-engineering integration 3D static model cannot accurately capture the dynamic evolution of the in-situ stress field during hydraulic fracturing. To address this limitation, this study proposes a fully coupled 4D dynamic seepage-stress simulation workflow based on the finite difference method that integrates high-resolution 3D geomechanical model with shale bedding heterogeneity, geological mechanical characteristics, and the complexity of the fracture network propagation. The method simulates the entire process from the initial in-situ stress field to stress disturbance induced by pore pressure diffusion during fracturing under actual formation conditions, which offers a multi-dimensional and multi-scale analysis of the impact of horizontal well fracturing on regional in-situ stress. Results show that as hydraulic fractures initiate during the fracturing process, the fracturing fluid permeates into the formation through the fracture network around the wellbore, and the wellbore pressure propagates outward, resulting in an increase in pore pressure. Consequently, both effective stress and in-situ stress exhibit varying degrees of decline, with the minimum horizontal in-situ stress showing the greatest drop. As the pressure-affected zone expands, the near-wellbore zone exhibits the most concentrated changes in pore pressure and in-situ stress, resulting in stress concentration and a pressure-drop funnel relative to the undisturbed far-field formation, inducing formation deformation and compression that alter the orientation of the in-situ stress. The simulation method and research findings, which integrate high-resolution geological model with fully coupled finite element analysis to construct dynamic in-situ stress field for fractured reservoirs, provide new insights and references for optimizing shale reservoir fracturing operations.

     

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