Key Technologies for Enhancing the Drilling Speed of Fault Block Shale Oil Horizontal Wells in Subei Basin
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摘要:
苏北盆地阜二段页岩油水平井施工时存在井身结构设计有待优化、井壁稳定性差、井眼轨迹控制难度大及井控风险高等提速难题。为解决这些问题，基于地质−工程一体化，进行了井身结构及井眼轨道优化、PDC钻头个性化设计及钻具组合优选的分层提速技术、定−测−录−导一体化的钻遇断层井眼轨迹控制技术研究，并集成强化钻井参数、减摩降扭提速、强封堵白油基钻井液和双密度钻井液精细控压防压窜安全钻井等配套技术，形成了苏北断块页岩油水平井钻井提速关键技术。苏北断块5口页岩油水平井应用该技术后，钻井周期大幅缩短，平均机械钻速由7.19 m/h提至16.47 m/h。研究表明，苏北断块页岩油水平井钻井提速关键技术满足该断块页岩油水平井钻井提速需求，为该断块页岩油效益规模开发提供了技术支撑。
Abstract:During the operation of shale oil horizontal wells in the second section of Funing Formation in Subei Basin, problems occur such as casing program await to be optimized, poor wellbore stability, difficulty in well trajectory control, and high well control risks, etc. Therefore, based on integration of geology and engineering, a layered speed-up technology was developed, including casing programs and well trajectory optimization, polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bit personalization design, and an optimal bottom hole assembly (BHA) selection. In addition, a well trajectory control technology for encountering fault during drilling that integrates directional drilling, logging, and steering was studied. The supporting technologies such as enhanced parameter drilling, friction and torque reduction for speed-up, white oil-based drilling fluid for strong sealing, and double-density drilling fluid for fine pressure control, and safety drilling with anti-channeling induced by pressure were developed. As a result, the key technologies for enhancing the drilling speed of fault block shale oil horizontal wells in Subei Basin were formed. These technologies were applied in five shale oil horizontal wells. As a result, the drilling cycle was greatly shortened, and the average rate of penetration (ROP) increased from 7.19 m/h to 16.47 m/h. The research results show that these technologies meet the drilling speed-up requirements for shale oil horizontal wells and provide technical support for the efficient and large-scale development of the shale oil.
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图 2 分层提速技术应用效果
Figure 2. Statistics of application effect of layered speed-up technology
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图 3 强化钻井参数提速效果
Figure 3. Statistics of speed-up effect of enhanced parameter drilling technology
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图 4 减摩降扭提速技术提速效果
Figure 4. Statistics of speed-up effect of friction and torquereduction for speed-up technology
表 1 苏北盆地页岩油水平井优化前后的井身结构
Table 1 Casing program optimization of shale oil horizontal wells in Subei Basin
开次 优化前 优化后 导管 ϕ406.4 mm钻头×260 m ϕ339.7 mm导管×259 m
（封固东台组）一开 ϕ444.5 mm钻头×580 m ϕ311.1 mm钻头×2 500 m ϕ339.7 mm套管×579 m
（封固盐城组上部）ϕ244.5 mm套管×2 498 m
（封固戴南组上部）二开 ϕ311.1 mm钻头×3 780 m ϕ215.9 mm钻头×6 012 m ϕ244.5 mm套管×3 778 m
（封固阜宁组四尖峰）ϕ139.7 mm套管×6 010 m 三开 ϕ215.9 mm钻头×5 785 m ϕ139.7 mm套管×5 780 m 
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表 2 苏北盆地页岩油水平井井眼轨道优化效果对比
Table 2 Comparison of well trajectory optimization effects of shale oil horizontal wells in Subei Basin
剖面类型 井深/m 造斜点/m 定向段长度/m 摩阻/kN 扭矩/（kN·m） 常规三维 6 056 3 150 757 290～380 24.3 双二维 6 030 1 000 906 308～370 25.6 二维+小三维 6 012 2 550 743 286～360 24.6
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表 3 苏北盆地页岩油水平井分段强化钻井参数
Table 3 Enhanced drilling parameters for shale oil horizontal wells segmentations in Subei Basin
井眼直径/mm 井段 钻压/kN 螺杆转速/（r·min−1） 排量/（L·s−1） 泵压/MPa 311.1 60～160 80 55～65 30 215.9 直井+造斜段 60～120 80 32～36 28 造斜段 100～140 80 32～35 30 水平段 100～140 80 32～35 35
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表 4 白油基钻井液与常规钻井液密度的对比
Table 4 Density comparison between white oil-based drilling fluid and conventional drilling fluid
井号 井深/m 钻井液体系 钻遇地层 实钻钻井液密度/（kg·L−1） 备注 花页1 3 810 钾基 E1f4—E1f1 1.58 密度最大降低0.18 kg/L 花页1HF 5 785 白油基 E1f2 1.39～1.40 花2侧 3 680 钾基 E1f1 1.48～1.50 密度最大降低0.15 kg/L 花2侧HF 4 650 白油基 E1f1 1.33～1.43
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表 5 白油基钻井液与常规钻井液摩阻扭矩的对比
Table 5 Comparison of drag and torque between white oil-based drilling fluid and conventional drilling fluid
钻井液 上提悬重/kN 下放悬重/kN 上提摩阻/kN 下放摩阻/kN 扭矩/（kN·m） 钾基钻井液 1680.0 1458.0 342.5 224.4 196.8 白油基钻井液 1200.0 1080.0 250.0 170.0 160.0
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表 6 钻井提速关键技术的应用效果
Table 6 Comparison of application effects of key technologies for drilling speed-up
井类型 井号 完钻井深/m 水平段长度/m 钻井周期/d 平均机械钻速/（m·h−1） 应用井 花页3HF 5 890 1 901 51.40 10.36 花页5HF 5 393 1 637 50.77 15.96 花页1−1HF 6 012 2 039 33.81 17.08 花页4−1HF 5 143 1 599 28.20 19.60 花页4−2HF 5 700 1 978 29.54 18.34 对比井 花页1HF 5 785 1 393 90.74 7.19
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1. 陈斌. 对大斜度大位移定向井岩屑录井技术的相关研究. 信息系统工程. 2019(08): 152 . 
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