Development and Field Test of BH-VDT3000 Vertical Drilling System
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摘要:
针对BH−VDT3000垂直钻井系统研制过程中遇到的技术问题，利用平衡趋势造斜率预测方法，分析了影响BH−VDT3000垂直钻井系统纠斜能力的因素及其影响规律，系统分析了BH−VDT3000第一代样机现场试验失败的原因，给出了第二代样机的结构、钻具组合及钻进参数优化方案，并进行了现场试验。理论研究及现场试验结果表明，推靠式垂直钻井系统的钻头侧向力指向井眼低边时有利于纠斜，钻头转角指向高边时不利于纠斜，选择钻具组合与钻井参数（含推靠力）时需要平衡二者对钻进趋势的影响，否则会失去纠斜能力；BH−VDT3000垂直钻井系统直径小、刚度低，若采用与大尺寸垂直钻井系统相同的钻具组合，极有可能失去纠斜能力；整体缩短导向头长度、导向翼肋与稳定器之间的距离，有助于提升中等尺寸垂直钻井系统的井斜控制能力。
Abstract:Based on the technical problems encountered during the development of BH-VDT3000 vertical drilling system (VDS), the influencing factors and rules of its straightening capability were analyzed by the prediction method of equilibrium trend build-up rate. The reasons for the field test failure of the first-generation BH−VDT3000 prototype were comprehensively analyzed, thereafter the optimization scheme of the structure, bottom-hole assembly (BHA), and drilling parameters of the second-generation prototype were proposed. Field tests were also conducted. The theoretical research and field test results show that the bit lateral force of the push-the-bit VDS pointing to the low side of the borehole has positive impact on straightening, and the bit tilt angle pointing to the high side has passive impact on straightening. Their influences on the drilling trend should be balanced when selecting the BHA and drilling parameters (including the push-the-bit force), otherwise, the straightening capability will be lost. Because BH-VDT3000 VDS has a small diameter and low stiffness, it is very likely to lose the straightening capability if the same BHA of a large-size VDS is used. Shortening the overall length of the steering sub and the distance between the steering pads and the stabilizer can improve the straightening capability of the medium-size VDS.
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图 3 稳定器与推靠翼肋距离对第一代样机纠斜能力的影响
Figure 3. Influence of distance between stabilizer and push-the-bit pads on straightening capability of first-generation prototype
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图 4 钻压对第一代样机纠斜能力的影响
Figure 4. Influence of weight-on-bit on straightening capabilityof first-generation prototype
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图 5 推靠力对第一代样机纠斜能力的影响
Figure 5. Influence of push-the-bit force on straighteningcapability of first-generation prototype
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图 6 第二代BH−VDT3000样机的总体结构
Figure 6. Overall structure of second-generation BH-VDT3000 prototype
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图 7 钻压对第二代样机纠斜能力的影响
Figure 7. Influence of weight-on-bit on straightening capabilityof second-generation prototype
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图 8 推靠力对第二代样机纠斜能力的影响
Figure 8. Influence of push-the-bit force on straighteningcapability of second-generation prototype
表 1 第一代BH−VDT3000样机现场试验效果对比
Table 1 Comparisons of field test results of first-generation BH-VDT3000 prototype
井段 钻具组合 钻头类型及新度 钻压/kN 转速/（r·min−1） 段长/m 井斜角/（°） 机械钻速/（m·h−1） 领眼段 光钻铤 JZ牙轮钻头，新度100% 80～120 70 24 0.44～0.64 1.78 ϕ241.3 mm井段 BH−VDT3000钻具组合 DBS锥齿PDC钻头，新度100% 40～80 60～70 9 0.64→1.72 17.64 ϕ241.3 mm井段 PowerV 675钻具组合 DBS修复PDC钻头，新度100% 40～60 60～70 17 1.72→0.28 10.00 注：BH−VDT3000钻具组合中只有一个单稳定器，稳定器在BH−VDT3000上方，与推靠翼肋的距离16.00 m；PowerV 675钻具组合中有2个稳定器，下稳定器在PowerV 675上方，与推靠翼肋的距离约4.60 m。 
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表 2 第一和第二代BH−VDT3000样机现场试验效果对比
Table 2 Comparison of field test results of first-generation and second-generation BH-VDT3000 prototypes
井名 钻压/kN 转速/（r·min−1） 扭矩/（kN·m） 排量/（L·s−1） 试验井段/m 进尺/m 工作时间/h 井斜角/（°） 入井 出井 博孜3−H5井 40～80 60～70 6～15 35 4 095～4 104 9 0.5 0.64 1.72 ManS71−H5井 80～100 85～95 7～18 34～38 4 575～4 665 90 25.0 0.50 0.36
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