Key Technologies and Field Applications of Intelligent Perception in Offshore Drilling and Completion
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摘要:
海洋油气开发远离陆地，通信和布网面临巨大挑战，智能感知技术是发展海洋智能钻完井必须解决的难题之一。海洋智能钻完井技术是海洋钻完井工程与人工智能、大数据、云计算等先进技术的有机融合，可实现海洋油气钻完井过程的精细表征、决策优化和闭环调控，大幅提升钻完井效率和油气采收率。分析了目前海上智能钻完井在基础建设、智能钻井、智能井筒等方面的技术难点，从地层、工具、流体和装备等4个方面研究了海洋钻完井智能感知领域的关键技术，建成了海洋钻井智能监控系统，实现了海洋钻完井全生命周期的全面感知。现场应用海洋智能钻井监控系统后，使用的平台自开钻起至首批开发井完成，全程未发生任何安全事故。海洋钻完井智能感知关键技术作为建设海上智能钻完井的基础，为推动海洋油气田的数字化转型和智能化发展提供了技术支撑。
Abstract:Offshore oil and gas development is conducted far away from the land, and the communication and network deployment face great challenges. Intelligent perception technology is one of the difficult problems that must be solved in the development of offshore intelligent drilling and completion. Offshore intelligent drilling and completion technology is the organic integration of offshore drilling and completion engineering and advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing, which can realize fine characterization, decision optimization, and closed-loop control of offshore oil and gas drilling and completion process and greatly improve drilling and completion efficiency and oil and gas recovery efficiency. To this end, the current technical difficulties of offshore intelligent drilling and completion in infrastructure construction, intelligent drilling, and intelligent wellbore were analyzed. The key technologies in the field of intelligent perception in offshore drilling and completion were studied from four aspects of formation, tools, fluids, and equipment, and an intelligent monitoring system for offshore drilling was constructed to realize a comprehensive perception of the whole life cycle of offshore drilling and completion. After the application of the intelligent monitoring system for offshore drilling, the platform had no safety accident from drilling to completion of the first batch of development wells. The key intelligent perception technologies for offshore drilling and completion, as the basis for the construction of offshore intelligent drilling and completion, provide technical support for promoting the digital transformation and intelligent development of offshore oil and gas fields.
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图 1 岩性界面可视化与钻井结合实现钻井参数优化
Figure 1. Lithologic visualization combined with drilling to optimize drilling parameters
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图 2 井下近钻头工程参数实时测量工具
Figure 2. Real-time measurement tool of downhole near-bit engineering parameter
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图 4 作业规范关键点自动检查界面
Figure 4. Automatic check interface of key points of operation specification
表 1 海洋钻井常见设备与系统
Table 1 Common equipment and system of offshore drilling
组网对象 系统名称 目标集成软件 目标集成硬件 录井与MWD 录井系统 数据传输服务 服务器 MWD数据接收系统 上位机软件 PC 作业控制类系统 集成司钻控制系统 集成司钻操作系统 服务器 SCM（水下采油树控制系统） 上位机软件 服务器 控压钻井/固井系统 组态软件 PLC（具备网络模块） 固井撬系统 数据网关输出 PLC（配合数据网关） 防喷器控制系统 PLC具体IO点位 PLC（开放适配接口） 其他工控系统（火气/气象） PLC具体IO点位 PLC（开放适配接口） 作业辅助类系统 海上钻井智能监控系统 网站系统 服务器 钻完井作业日志填报系统 日志填报系统 PC 智能钻井新工具 智能钻井决策系统 软件 服务器 智能钻杆（井下数据传输） 数据接收上位机 服务器 
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