深层裂缝性致密砂岩气藏基质–裂缝气体流动机理

曲鸿雁; 胡佳伟; 周福建; 史纪龙; 刘成

doi:10.11911/syztjs.2024045

深层裂缝性致密砂岩气藏基质–裂缝气体流动机理

曲鸿雁^{1, 2, 3,},
胡佳伟^{1, 3},
周福建^{1, 3},
史纪龙^{1, 3},
刘成⁴

1.
油气资源与工程全国重点实验室（中国石油大学（北京）），北京 102249
2.
中国石油大学（北京）碳中和示范性能源学院，北京 102249
3.
中国石油大学（北京）非常规油气科学技术研究院，北京 102249
4.
中国石油浙江油田公司，浙江杭州 310023

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“超低渗透、致密储层蓄能重复压裂增能机理研究”（编号：52174044）、“致密储层缝内变载荷驱动裂缝疲劳扩展机理研究”（编号：52004302）和中国石油战略合作科技专项“准噶尔盆地玛湖中下组合和吉木萨尔陆相页岩油高效勘探开发理论及关键技术研究”（编号：ZLZX 2020-01-07）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
曲鸿雁（1983—），女，山东烟台人，2006年毕业于中国石油大学（华东）信息与计算科学专业，2009年获中国石油大学（华东）应用数学专业硕士学位，2014年获西澳大学石油工程专业博士学位，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事非常规油气藏增产提采理论与技术方面的研究工作。E-mail: hongyan.qu@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE312
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-31
- 修回日期: 2024-03-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-24
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-02

Mechanism of Gas Flow in Matrix-Fracture in Deep Fractured Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

QU Hongyan^{1, 2, 3,},
HU Jiawei^{1, 3},
ZHOU Fujian^{1, 3},
SHI Jilong^{1, 3},
LIU Cheng⁴

1.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering(China University of Petroleum(Beijing)), Beijing, 102249, China
2.
College of Carbon Neutral Energy, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China
3.
Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China
4.
PetroChina Zhejiang Oilfield Company, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China

摘要

摘要:
为了探明深层裂缝性致密气藏的气体流动规律，研发了基质–裂缝系统气体流动物理模拟装置，建立了高温高压基质–裂缝系统气体流动物理模拟方法，模拟了不同温度和压力条件下气体从基质到天然裂缝及人工裂缝的流动过程，以及基质与裂缝之间的传质过程；对比分析了不同温度和压力条件下气体流动的差异性，明确了高温高压作用下应力和流态对气体流动规律的综合影响。模拟结果显示，储层压力和应力显著影响气体流量和岩石渗透率，温度变化对气体流量和渗透率的影响相对较小，含天然裂缝岩心受应力敏感和气体滑脱效应的影响显著。研究结果为深层裂缝性致密气藏的高效开发提供了理论依据。
- 致密砂岩 /
- 裂缝性气藏 /
- 基质–裂缝系统 /
- 深层 /
- 气体流动
Abstract:
In order to investigate the gas flow law of deep fractured tight gas reservoirs, a gas flow physical simulation device for matrix-fracture system was developed. Moreover, a gas flow physical simulation method for high-temperature and high-pressure matrix-fracture system was established and was used to simulate the gas flow process from matrix to natural and artificial fractures, as well as the mass transfer process between matrix and fracture under different temperature and pressure conditions. The differences in gas flow behavior under different temperature and pressure conditions were compared, and the comprehensive influence of stress and flow pattern on gas flow law under high temperature and high pressure was clarified. The simulation results show that the gas flow and rock permeability are significantly affected by reservoir pressure and stress, while the temperature changes have a relatively minor impact on gas flow and permeability. In addition, cores with natural fractures are significantly affected by stress sensitivity and gas slippage effect. The findings of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient development of deep fractured tight gas reservoirs.
- tight sandstone /
- fractured gas reservoir /
- matrix-fracture system /
- deep formation /
- gas flow

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图 1 基质–裂缝系统岩心组合

Figure 1. Core combination of matrix-fracture system

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图 2 人工钢块岩心轴面和端面

Figure 2. Axial and end faces of artificial steel core

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图 3 岩心CT扫描结果（左为外观，右为透视）

Figure 3. CT scanning results of cores (the left represents appearance, the right represents perspective)

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图 4 基质–裂缝系统气体流动模拟装置示意

Figure 4. Simulation device for gas flow in matrix-fracture system

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图 5 1#–3#、2#–4#岩心组合不同注入压力下基质–裂缝系统B、C节点流量和压力随温度的变化

Figure 5. Evolution of flow rate and gas pressure in nodes B and C of matrix-fracture system of 1#–3# and 2#–4# core combinations with temperatures at different gas pressures

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图 6 1#–3#、2#–4#岩心组合不同温度下基质–裂缝系统流量随压力平方差的变化

Figure 6. Evolution of flow rate in matrix-fracture system of 1#–3# and 2#–4# core combinations with pressure square difference at different temperatures

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图 7 不同温度条件下氮气密度随压力的变化

Figure 7. Variation of nitrogen density with pressure at different temperatures

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图 8 不同温度和压力条件下的气体压缩系数

Figure 8. Gas compression coefficient at different temperatures and pressures

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图 9 不同温度条件下氮气黏度随压力的变化关系

Figure 9. Variation of nitrogen viscosity with pressure at different temperatures

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图 10 上、下游压力随时间的变化关系

Figure 10. Variation of upstream and downstream pressures with time

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图 11 不同气体压力下半对数图中衰减曲线斜率随温度的变化关系

Figure 11. Variation of decay curve slope in semi-logarithmic graph with temperature at different gas pressures

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图 12 不同气体压力下气体黏度和压缩系数之积随温度的变化关系

Figure 12. Variation of product of gas viscosity and compression coefficient with temperature at different gas pressures

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图 13 5#岩心不同气体压力下渗透率随温度的变化关系

Figure 13. Variation of permeability of core 5# with temperature at different gas pressures

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图 14 形状因子计算结果

Figure 14. Calculation results of shape factor

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表 1 试验岩心基本参数

Table 1 Basic parameters of test cores

岩心类别	编号	长度/cm	直径/cm	渗透率/mD	孔隙度，%
基质	1#	2.28	2.46	0.000 59	2.2
基质	2#	4.87	2.48	0.001 52	1.7
裂缝	3#	1.95	2.46	0.004 66	2.1
	4#	5.05	2.47	0.011 02	0.8
	5#	5.21	2.46	0.006 39	2.3

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表 2 不同方法得到形状因子的对比

Table 2 Comparison of shape factor results obtained by different methods

方法		一维流动	不同岩心的形状因子/m⁻²
方法		一维流动	2#岩心	4#岩心	5#岩心
Warren & Root公式^[50]		12/L²	4 705.42	4 735.37	4 415.76
Kazemi公式^[51–52]		4/L²	1 568.47	1 578.45	1 471.92
Coats公式^[53–54]		8/L²	3 136.95	3 156.91	2 943.84
李晓良公式^[55–56]		π²/L²	3 870.07	3 894.71	3 631.83
试验测试	最大值		6 903.82	6 604.15	3 412.88
	最小值		2 709.05	2 318.07	2 153.92
	平均值		4 249.67	3 403.42	2 904.41

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