Research on Vibration Reduction, Energy Enhancement, and Acceleration Methods for Drilling Strings of 10 000-Meter Deep Wells
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摘要:
万米深井超深超长井段钻进过程中存在钻柱振动剧烈、能量传递困难、破岩效率低、钻头使用寿命短等问题，亟需开展万米深井钻柱减振与井底增能技术研究。根据超深层钻井环境的主要特征，结合近年来钻柱动力学研究结果，提出了以钻井过程中钻柱振动为能量来源提高井底钻井液射流压力的方法，在减小钻柱振动保护钻头的同时，提高钻头射流压力，实现井下增能破岩，解决井下振动强度大、井底水力能量不足的问题；并研制了井底钻柱减振增能装置，进行了现场试验。研究和试验结果表明：钻柱振动蕴含巨大的能量，该能量可以转化为破岩提速能量；设计的井底钻柱减振增能装置，可以提高钻井液射流压力，同时可以降低钻柱振动导致的安全风险，从而显著提高钻井速度。研究成果为万米深井减振提速技术开拓了新方向，为加快深部油气资源的勘探与开发提供了技术支持。
Abstract:There are a series of problems in the drilling process of ultra-deep and ultra-long sections of 10 000-meter deep wells, such as severe vibration of the drilling string, slow speed of rock breaking, and short effective working life of the drill bit. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research on vibration reduction of the drilling string and downhole energy enhancement technology of the 10 000-meter deep wells. According to the main characteristics of the ultra-deep drilling environment and recent research results on drilling string dynamics, a method was proposed to use drilling string vibration as an energy source during the drilling process to increase the jet pressure of downhole drilling fluid. While reducing drilling string vibration to protect the drill bit, the method increased the jet pressure of the drill bit to achieve downhole energy enhancement and rock breaking, solving the problems of high vibration intensity and insufficient hydraulic energy at the bottom of the wells. A vibration reduction and energy enhancement device for the downhole drilling string was developed, and on-site tests were conducted. The research results indicate that drilling string vibration contains enormous energy, which can be converted into energy for accelerating rock breaking. The designed vibration reduction and energy enhancement device for the downhole drilling string can increase the jet pressure of drilling fluid and reduce the safety risks caused by drilling string vibration, thereby significantly improving drilling speed. The research results have opened up new directions for the vibration reduction and acceleration technology of 10 000-meter deep wells and provided technical support for accelerating the exploration and development of deep oil and gas resources.
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图 3 井底钻柱减振增能提速装置结构示意
1. 工具上接头；2. 芯轴；3. 上部密封总成压盖；4. 上部密封总成；5. 花键外筒；6. 限位体；7. 外部保护筒；8. 弹簧；9. 工具中心接头；10. 下部密封总成；11. 柱塞头；12. 滑动密封总成；13. 控制单向阀；14. 柱塞外套；15. 柱塞缸套；16. 钻头
Figure 3. Structure of vibration reduction, energy enhancement, and acceleration device for downhole drilling string
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图 4 不同井深条件下振动能量转换后的压力、流量曲线对比
Figure 4. Comparison of pressure and flow rate curves after vibration energy conversion under different well depths
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图 5 不同井深条件下井底水力能量变化规律
Figure 5. Variation law of downhole hydraulic energy with well depth conditions
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图 6 井底钻柱减振增能提速装置在NT1H井现场试验情况
Figure 6. On-site test of vibration reduction, energy enhancement, and acceleration tool for downhole drilling string in Well NT 1
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图 7 NT1H井使用井底钻柱减振增能提速装置钻进井段振动监测结果
Figure 7. Drilling vibration monitoring results of Well Ningtan 1H using vibration reduction, energy enhancement, and acceleration tool for downhole drilling string
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图 8 M502-H2井二开井段钻头使用情况（从左到右依次为1#～5#刀翼）
Figure 8. Application of drill bits in second section of Well M502-H2 (Blade 1~5 from left to right)
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图 9 邻井二开井段钻头使用情况（从左到右依次为1#～5#刀翼）
Figure 9. Application of drill bits in second section of adjacent well (Blade 1~5 from left to right)
表 1 BX1井钻至不同井深时的水力参数
Table 1 Hydraulic parameters during drilling at different depths of Well BX1
井深/
m钻井液排量/
（L·s−1）钻井液密度/
（kg·L−1）钻头压降/
MPa井口泵压/
MPa4 500 25 1.66 1.20 19.5 5 000 24 1.71 1.08 19.4 5 500 22 1.79 0.78 20.0 6 000 19 1.83 0.45 19.8 
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表 2 使用与未使用井底钻柱减振增能提速装置的机械钻速对比
Table 2 Comparison of ROP with and without vibration reduction, energy enhancement, and acceleration tools for downhole drilling string
井类型 井名 井段/m 平均机械钻速/
（m·h−1）试验井 M502-H2井 1 500～4 024 21.1 对比井 M502井 1 498～4 110 11.8 M502-H4井 1 502～4 070 12.6 M502-H6井 1 500～4 250 12.2
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