Optimization of In-Stage Multi-Cluster Temporary Plugging Scheme Based on Optical Fiber Monitoring
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摘要:
为了实现段内簇间均匀改造，需要对优势进液簇进行暂堵。目前主要根据室内暂堵试验制定暂堵方案，但室内暂堵试验条件与实际压裂工况有一定差距，导致暂堵效果不理想。为给段内多簇压裂暂堵方案优化提供依据，优选新疆油田一口水平井（A井），针对5个压裂段设计了12套暂堵方案，利用管外光纤监测技术监测段内各射孔簇在暂堵前后进液量的变化，据此判断暂堵效果。A井实施12套暂堵方案后，未监测到簇间转向分流现象，说明暂堵无效。分析导致暂堵无效的原因为：暂堵球直径与孔眼直径不匹配；孔眼朝向具有随机性，高边孔眼难以封堵；为避免射孔刺断光纤，选用了圆形通孔的破裂盘，但对暂堵球封堵孔眼不利。为此，提出了暂堵方案改进措施：采用直径与孔眼直径相同的暂堵球封堵孔眼，并添加纤维和小粒径暂堵剂或采用绳结暂堵剂；进行定向射孔，射低边孔；采用锥形孔的破裂盘。
Abstract:It is necessary to temporarily plug the dominant fluid inlet cluster to achieve uniform transformation between clusters in stages. The current temporary plugging schemes are mainly developed based on the indoor temporary plugging test. However, there is a certain gap between the indoor temporary plugging test conditions and the actual fracturing conditions, resulting in an unsatisfactory temporary plugging effect. In order to provide a basis for optimizing in-stage multi-cluster fracturing temporary plugging schemes, a horizontal well of the Carboniferous system in Xinjiang Oilfield was selected, and 12 sets of temporary plugging schemes were designed for five fracturing stages to plug holes or fracture. The out-of-pipe optical fiber monitoring technology was used to monitor the changes in fluid intake of each perforation cluster in stages before and after temporary plugging, and the temporary plugging effect was judged accordingly. After the implementation of 12 sets of temporary plugging schemes in Well A, no diversion between clusters was detected, indicating the ineffectiveness of temporary plugging. The inefficiency is attributed to factors such as the mismatched diameter of the plugging ball with the hole and the random hole orientation, making it challenging to block high-edge holes. In order to avoid perforating the optical fiber, the ruptured disc is a circular through-hole structure, which is not conducive to blocking the hole with the temporary plugging ball. Therefore, improvement measures of temporary plugging schemes were proposed: applying temporary plugging balls with a diameter the same as the hole to block the hole; adding fibers and temporary plugging agents with small particles or using rope temporary plugging agents; making low-edge holes shot through directional perforation; utilizing a tapered hole structure for the ruptured disc.
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Keywords:
- in-stage multi-cluster /
- temporary plugging /
- optical fiber monitoring /
- field test
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图 1 第2级前置液阶段各簇声波信号
Figure 1. Acoustic signals of each cluster in the second pre-liquid stage
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图 2 第2级2次暂堵后各簇声波信号
Figure 2. Acoustic signals of each cluster after two temporary pluggings in the second stage
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图 3 第2级暂堵压裂施工曲线
Figure 3. Construction curve of temporary plugging fracturing in the second stage
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图 4 第3级前置液及加砂阶段各簇声波信号
Figure 4. Acoustic signals of each cluster in the third pre-liquid and sand addition stages
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图 5 第3级第1、2和3次暂堵后各簇声波信号
Figure 5. Acoustic signals of each cluster after the first, second, and third temporary pluggings in the third stage
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图 6 第3级第4、5次暂堵后各簇声波信号
Figure 6. Acoustic signals of each cluster after the fourth and fifth temporary pluggings in the third stage
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图 7 第4级前置液及加砂阶段各簇声波信号
Figure 7. Acoustic signals of each cluster in the fourth pre-liquid and sand addition stages
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图 8 第4级第1、2和3次暂堵后各簇声波信号
Figure 8. Acoustic signals of each cluster after the first, second, and third temporary pluggings in the fourth stage
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图 9 第5级暂堵前后各簇声波信号
Figure 9. Acoustic signals of each cluster before and after the fifth temporary plugging
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图 10 第6级暂堵前后各簇声波信号
Figure 10. Acoustic signals of each cluster before and after the sixth temporary plugging
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图 11 暂堵球与孔眼的几何关系
Figure 11. Geometric relationship between temporary plugging ball and hole
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图 12 暂堵球受套管内流体冲刷坐封失效
Figure 12. Sealing failure of temporary plugging ball due to fluid erosion inside the casing
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图 13 套管随机旋转引起孔眼方向随机性示意
Figure 13. Randomness in hole direction caused by random rotation of casing
表 1 A井整体暂堵方案
Table 1 Overall temporary plugging scheme for Well A
级次 暂堵序号 孔眼直径/mm 暂堵剂 暂堵剂用量 暂堵对象 第2级 1 13.0 ϕ15.0 mm暂堵球 12颗 孔眼 2 13.0 ϕ15.0 mm暂堵球 24颗 孔眼 ϕ3.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 60 kg 低温粉末暂堵剂 60 kg 第3级 1 11.2 ϕ13.0、ϕ15.0 mm暂堵球 48颗 孔眼 ϕ3.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 60 kg 低温粉末暂堵剂 60 kg 2 11.2 ϕ3.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 15 kg 缝口 ϕ5.0～ϕ8.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 15 kg 低温粉末暂堵剂 60 kg 3 11.2 ϕ3.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 30 kg 缝口 ϕ5.0～ϕ8.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 60 kg 低温粉末暂堵剂 30 kg 4 11.2 ϕ20.0 mm高温暂堵球 12颗 孔眼+缝口 ϕ3.0 mm高温颗粒暂堵剂 60 kg ϕ5.0～ϕ8.0 mm高温颗粒暂堵剂 30 kg 低温粉末暂堵剂 60 kg 5 11.2 ϕ20.0 mm高温暂堵球 24颗 孔眼+缝口 ϕ3.0 mm高温颗粒暂堵剂 80 kg ϕ5.0～ϕ8.0 mm高温颗粒暂堵剂 40 kg 高温粉末暂堵剂 60 kg 第4级 1 10.2 ϕ15.0 mm暂堵球 24颗 孔眼+缝口 ϕ22.0 mm暂堵球 12颗 ϕ3.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 40 kg ϕ5.0～ϕ10.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 40 kg 20/60目低温粉末暂堵剂 40 kg 2 10.2 ϕ15.0 mm暂堵球 60颗 孔眼 3 10.2 绳结暂堵剂 20颗 孔眼+缝口 ϕ3.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 30 kg 20/60目低温粉末暂堵剂 25 kg 第5级 1 9.1 ϕ3.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 140 kg 缝口 ϕ5.0～ϕ10.0 mm低温颗粒暂堵剂 40 kg 20/60目低温粉末暂堵剂 180 kg 第6级 1 11.2 绳结暂堵剂 24颗 孔眼 ϕ15.0 mm暂堵球 65颗 20/60目低温粉末暂堵剂 40 kg 
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