Status and the Future Perspective of Drilling Engineering Technologies in Middle East Carbonate Reservoirs
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摘要:
中国石油自进入中东地区以来在该地区5个国家获得14个项目，已钻井3 200余口，其中作业者项目1 100余口。中东地区碳酸盐岩油藏通常从上到下分布4～7套储层，井深及温度压力变化范围大，主要采用立体井网多井型组合丛式平台钻井。巨厚碳酸盐岩地层岩性及压力系统复杂，地层软硬交错，漏失通道复杂，同层漏垮矛盾突出，钻井过程中普遍存在漏失、垮塌阻卡频发等问题。为此，系统总结了十多年来中国石油及西方石油技术服务公司在该地区的钻井工程技术进展与实践成果，着重介绍了中东碳酸盐岩防漏堵漏技术、典型薄弱地层防塌技术及定向井钻井技术，分析了中国石油在该地区与西方公司在钻井工程技术方面存在的差距，并结合中东地区油田目前钻井存在的问题及未来开发面临的新形势与新要求，指出中东地区未来钻井工程将面临深部油藏、低渗透及超低渗透油藏、大平台钻井、分层规模注采和老井利用等方向的发展需求，为该地区未来钻井工程技术发展提供了参考。
Abstract:PetroChina has acquired 14 assets in five countries in the Middle East, with more than 3200 wells drilled, including more than 1100 wells drilled in the operator’s assets. Middle East carbonate reservoirs typically have 4–7 sets of reservoirs from the top to the bottom, and well depth, temperature, and pressure exhibit a dramatic variations. A cluster platform for drilling is usually adopted based on a three-dimensional well network and multi-well type combination. The lithology and pressure system of the thick carbonate formations are complex, with alternating soft and hard formations and complex lost circulation channels. The paradox of loss and wellbore collapse in the same zone is prominent, and lost circulation, wellbore collapse, and pipe sticking frequently occur while drilling. Therefore, the drilling engineering technology progress and practical achievements of PetroChina and western drilling service companies in this region over more than 10 years were systematically summarized, and the preventive measures for lost circulation in carbonate rocks as well as the remedies were introduced. Also introduced were Middle East-based typical weak formation collapse prevention technology, and directional well drilling technology. The gap between PetroChina and western companies in drilling in this region was analyzed. In addition, based on the current drilling problems and the new situation and requirements of future development of oilfields in the Middle East, it was pointed out that future drilling engineering in the Middle East will face the development needs of deep reservoirs, low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs, large pad drilling, intensified zonal injection and production, and the reentry of old wells. All provide a reference for the future development of drilling engineering technologies in the Middle East.
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Keywords:
- carbonate rock /
- drilling engineering /
- technology status /
- trend of development /
- Middle East
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图 1 Ru-434井水泥塞堵漏前后FMI和UBI成像测井结果对比
Figure 1. Comparison of FMI and UBI imaging logging data before and after lost circulation remedy with cement plug in Well Ru-434
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图 2 哈法亚油田三维漏失风险预测模型及预测结果
Figure 2. 3D lost circulation risk prediction model and prediction results for Hafaya Oilfield
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图 3 鲁迈拉油田Hartha层基于地震特征的漏失风险预测结果
Figure 3. Prediction of lost circulation risk based on seismic characteristics in Hartha formation of Rumaila Oilfield
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图 4 中东地区典型页岩层的化学活性特征
Figure 4. Chemical activity characteristics of typical shale layers in the Middle East
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图 5 Nahr Umr页岩层矿物特征及孔缝发育情况
Figure 5. Mineral characteristics and pore/fracture development of Nahr Umr shale formation
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图 6 钻井液密度一定条件下最小水平主应力方向井径随井斜角的变化规律
Figure 6. Variation law of well diameter in the direction of minimum horizontal principal stress with well inclination angle when drilling fluid density is set
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图 7 不同钻井液密度条件下井斜角随井眼钻开时间的变化规律
Figure 7. Variation law of wellbore inclination angle with drilling time under different drilling fluid densities
表 1 2022年中东地区主要项目的主要钻井KPI指标
Table 1 Main drilling KPIs of key projects in the Middle East in 2022
项目 合同模式 井身结构 平均井深/m 钻井承包商 平均钻井
周期/d钻井速度/
（m∙d−1）平均非生产作业
时间（NPT），%鲁迈拉 大包/日费 三开（直井/定向井） 2 167 大庆/中曼 19.2 112.9 14.00 哈法亚 日费 四开（定向井）/五开（水平井） 3 283 大庆/渤钻/
安东38.6 85.1 5.75 西古尔纳-1 大包 三开（定向井）/四开（水平井） 4 810 SLB 34.1 141.1 14.80 阿曼五区 日费 三开（定向井）/四开（水平井） 2 312 长城 15.5 149.2 3.70 阿布扎比（2021） 日费 五开（水平井/分支井） 5 285 ADNOC Drilling 70.5 75.0 4.50 
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