Synthesis and Property Evaluation of an Amphoteric Polymer Fracturing Fluid Thickener
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摘要:
针对目前国内外水基压裂液所用聚合物稠化剂大多耐盐性能较差的问题，在丙烯酰胺（AM）链上引入阴离子单体2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）和阳离子单体甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC），合成了一种两性聚丙烯酰胺AMPAM。通过分析单体总质量分数、3种单体质量比、引发剂加量和pH值对AMPAM相对分子质量和增黏性能的影响，确定了合成AMPAM的最佳条件。评价了AMPAM的耐盐性能、溶解性能和增黏性能，以及以矿化度30 g/L NaCl溶液配制的AMPAM压裂液的性能，结果表明：以高矿化度盐水配制的0.5%AMPAM溶液的表观黏度为20 mPa·s；AMPAM加量不超过0.6%时，在20 min内可以完全溶解；盐水AMPAM压裂液的耐温耐剪切性能、携砂性能和破胶性能均符合水基压裂液通用技术条件。研究结果表明，两性聚丙烯酰胺AMPAM具有良好的耐盐性能，可以作为盐水聚合物压裂液的稠化剂。
Abstract:At present, most of the polymer thickeners used in water-based fracturing fluid both in China and abroad have poor salt resistance. Therefore, amphoteric polyacrylamide (AMPAM) was synthesized by introducing anionic monomer (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)) and cationic monomer (methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC)) into the acrylamide (AM) chain. The effects of the total mass fraction of monomers, mass ratio of monomers, initiator dosage, and pH value on the relative molecular mass and thickening property of AMPAM were studied, and the optimal conditions for AMPAM synthesis were determined. In addition, the salt resistance, solubility, and thickening property of AMPAM, as well as the performance of AMPAM fracturing fluid prepared with NaCl solution with salinity of 30 g/L were evaluated. The results show that the apparent viscosity of AMPAM solution of 0.5% prepared with high-salinity brine was 20 mPa·s, and the AMPAM was completely dissolved within 20 min when its dosage did not exceed 0.6%. The temperature and shear resistance, as well as sand-carrying and gel-breaking properties of AMPAM fracturing fluid prepared with brine meet the general technical requirements of water-based fracturing fluid. The results show that AMPAM has excellent salt resistance and can be used as a thickener for brine polymer fracturing fluid.
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Keywords:
- polymer; fracturing fluid /
- thickener /
- amphoteric polyacrylamide /
- salt resistance
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图 1 单体总质量分数对AMPAM性能的影响
Figure 1. Effect of total mass fraction of monomers on AMPAM property
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图 6 AMPAM溶液表观黏度与其加量的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between apparent viscosity and dosage of AMPAM solution
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图 8 AMPAM加量与表观黏度和溶解时间的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between AMPAM dosage and apparent viscosity and dissolution time
表 1 AMPAM压裂液的破胶性能
Table 1 Gel breaking property of AMPAM fracturing fluid
温度/℃ 破胶时间/h 破胶黏度/（mPa·s） 残渣含量/（mg·L−1） 60 8.0 3.17 177.3 90 4.0 2.39 109.1 120 2.5 2.16 92.3 150 1.0 2.23 80.9 
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