非常规油气藏新一代体积压裂技术的几个关键问题探讨

蒋廷学

doi:10.11911/syztjs.2023023

非常规油气藏新一代体积压裂技术的几个关键问题探讨

蒋廷学^{1, 2, 3,}

1.
页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 北京 102206
2.
中国石化页岩油气钻完井及压裂重点实验室, 北京 102206
3.
中石化石油工程技术研究院有限公司, 北京 102206

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目“海相深层油气富集机理与关键工程技术基础研究”（编号：U19B6003-05）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
蒋廷学（1969—），男，江苏东海人，1991年毕业于石油大学（华东）采油工程专业，2007年获中国科学院渗流流体力学研究所流体力学专业博士学位，正高级工程师，中国石化集团公司首席专家，主要从事水力压裂理论及技术研究工作。系本刊编委。E-mail：jiangtx.sripe@sinopec.com。

中图分类号: TE357.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-28
- 修回日期: 2023-02-05
- 录用日期: 2023-02-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-24

Discussion on Several Key Issues of the New-Generation Network Fracturing Technologies for Unconventional Reservoirs

JIANG Tingxue^{1, 2, 3,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanism and Effective Development, Beijing, 102206, China
2.
Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing, Beijing, 102206, China
3.
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China

摘要

摘要:
体积压裂技术是实现非常规油气藏高效开发的关键，围绕有效改造体积及单井控制EUR最大化的目标，密切割程度、加砂强度、暂堵级数及工艺参数不断强化，导致压裂作业综合成本越来越高。为此，开展了新一代体积压裂技术（立体缝网压裂技术）的研究与试验，压裂工艺逐渐发展到“适度密切割、多尺度裂缝强加砂、多级双暂堵和全程穿层”模式。为促进立体缝网压裂技术的发展与推广应用，对立体缝网的表征、压裂模式及参数界限的确定、“压裂–渗吸–增能–驱油”协同提高采收率的机制、一体化变黏度多功能压裂液的研制、石英砂替代陶粒的经济性分析及“设计–实施–后评估”循环迭代升级的闭环体系构建等关键问题进行了探讨，厘清了立体缝网压裂技术的概念、关键技术及提高采收率机理，对于非常规油气藏新一代压裂技术的快速发展、更好地满足非常规油气藏高效勘探开发需求，具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。
- 非常规油气藏 /
- 体积压裂 /
- 立体缝网压裂 /
- 立体缝网指数 /
- 压裂模式 /
- 参数优化 /
- 提高采收率
Abstract:
Network fracturing technologies are the key to the efficient development of unconventional reservoirs. The degree of tight spacing, the intensity of proppant injection, the number of temporary plugging stages, and operation parameters are constantly optimized to maximize the effective stimulated reservoir volume (ESRV) and single-well estimated ultimate recovery (EUR), ultimately adding to the increasingly high comprehensive costs of fracturing operations. For this reason, new-generation network fracturing technologies (namely, three-dimensional fracture network fracturing technologies) were investigated and tested. Regarding the development of the fracturing process, a mode of “moderate tight spacing, high-intensity proppant injection to multi-scale fractures, multi-stage dual temporary plugging, and whole-process layer-penetrating” was gradually ushered into practice. Several key issues were discussed to further the development, promotion, and application of three-dimensional fracture network fracturing technologies. These issues involved the characterization of three-dimensional fracture networks, the determination of the fracturing mode and parameter boundaries, the synergistic enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanism of “fracturing-imbibition-energy enhancement-oil displacement”, integrated multi-functional fracturing fluids, the analysis of the economic efficiency of replacing ceramsite with quartz sand, and the establishment of a closed-loop system upgraded by cyclic iteration of “design-implementation-post-frac evaluation”. In this way, the concepts, key technologies, and the EOR mechanism of the three-dimensional fracturing technologies were clarified. Important reference and guidance can be provided by this paper for the rapid development of new-generation fracturing technologies for unconventional oil reservoirs and better fulfillment of the requirements for efficient exploration and development of unconventional reservoirs.
- unconventional reservoirs /
- network fracturing /
- three-dimensional fracture network fracturing /
- three-dimensional fracture network index /
- fracturing mode /
- parameter optimization /
- enhanced oil recovery

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表 1 2口井的立体缝网指数计算结果及其压后无阻流量

Table 1 Calculated three-dimensional fracture network indexes and post-frac open flow rate of two wells

井名	水平段长/m	排量/ （m³·min⁻¹）	单段液量/ m³	V₁/m³	r₁/m	r₂/m	m₁/条	m₂/条	${F'}_{{\rm{CI}}}$	${F}_{{\rm{CI}}}$	无阻流量/ （10⁴ m³·d⁻¹）
A井	1 008	10～12	1331	260.0	12.5	3.2	6	18	0.132	0.293	16.74
B井	1 003	12～14	1545	312.6	12.7	2.6	8	23	0.145	0.436	21.18
注：V₁为转向支裂缝及三级微裂缝中的压裂液体积；r₁和r₂分别为转向支裂缝和三级微裂缝半长；m₁和m₂分别为转向支裂缝和三级微裂缝数量。

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Discussion on Several Key Issues of the New-Generation Network Fracturing Technologies for Unconventional Reservoirs

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