An ROP Improvement Technology Based on Adaptive Matching Between the Rock-Breaking Energy of Bits and Rock Features
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摘要:
针对深层、超深层和复杂地层等对钻井提速的要求，考虑深层岩体可钻性变化，提出了基于钻头破岩能量与岩石特征自适应匹配的钻井提速技术。在分析钻头破岩过程中扭矩特征的基础上，研制了自适应匹配工具，利用行星齿轮和扭簧结构进行能量存储与释放，钻进岩性均质地层过程中提前蓄能，钻遇砾石层或非均质地层时释放能量进行辅助破岩。通过静力学和动力学性能测试，验证了自适应匹配工具结构的可靠性和实现提速的可行性。自适应匹配工具在深层页岩气井进行了现场试验，结果表明：与使用常规方法的邻井相比，机械钻速提高了83%，验证了该工具提速的有效性和稳定钻头工作状态的效果。钻头破岩能量与岩石自适应匹配提速技术，为深层、超深层和复杂地层钻井提速提供了理论支撑和新的技术途径。
Abstract:In view of the demand for the rate of penetration (ROP) improvement in deep, ultra-deep, and complex formations, a ROP improvement technology based on adaptive matching between rock-breaking energy of bits and the rock features was proposed considering the change in the drillability of deep rock. Based on the analysis of torque characteristics of bit during rock breaking, an adaptive matching tool was developed. The energy could be stored and released by the planetary gear and torsion spring in the tool, and could be stored in advance during drilling in lithologically homogeneous formations. In addition, energy could be released during drilling in gravel layers or heterogeneous formations to help rock breaking. The statics and dynamics performance tests verified the structural reliability of the tool and the feasibility of realizing the ROP improvement mechanism. Field test results in a deep shale gas well show that the ROP by the proposed technology is increased by 83% compared with that by conventional methods used in adjacent wells. The effectiveness of the tool in improving ROP and stabilizing bit performance is verified. As a result, the successful development of the tool and ROP improvement technology based on adaptive matching between rock-breaking energy of bits and rock features provides effective theoretical support and alternative technical approaches for improving ROP in deep, ultra-deep, and complex formations.
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Keywords:
- tool for ROP improvement /
- adaptive matching /
- deep formation /
- performance test /
- field test
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图 1 岩石破裂强度与常规钻进载荷特征
Figure 1. Rock fracture strength and load characteristics of conventional drilling
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图 2 岩石破裂强度与螺杆钻具钻进载荷特征
Figure 2. Rock fracture strength and drilling load characteristics of screw motor
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图 3 岩石破裂强度与扭力冲击钻进载荷特征
Figure 3. Rock fracture strength and drilling load characteristics of torsional impact
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图 4 岩石破裂强度与诱导钻进载荷特征
Figure 4. Rock fracture strength and induced drilling load characteristics
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图 6 钻井破岩能量与岩石自适应匹配工具结构
Figure 6. Structure of tool based on adaptive matching bet-ween rock breaking energy of bits and rock features
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图 8 加装自适应匹配工具后钻头扭矩随时间的变化
Figure 8. Variation of bit torque after tool addition with time
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图 9 常规钻井钻压、扭矩分布散点图
Figure 9. Scatter diagram of weight on bit and torque distribution in conventional drilling
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图 10 加装自适应匹配工具后钻压、扭矩分布散点图
Figure 10. Scatter diagram of weight on bit and torque distribution in drilling after tool addition
表 1 JYX8HF井与邻井机械钻速对比
Table 1 Comparison of ROP between Well JYX8HF and adjacent well
井号 井段/m 地层 机械钻速/（m·h−1） JYX8HF 4664.00～4694.00 涧草沟组、
宝塔组2.77 焦页X6HF井 3581.20～3595.00 涧草沟组 1.17 3595.00～3622.00 宝塔组 1.01 焦页X7HF井 3982.30～4021.00 涧草沟组 1.47 4021.00～4048.00 宝塔组 1.51 
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