Experimental Study of CO2 Huff and Puff Combined with N2 Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery by Three-Dimensional Physical Models
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摘要:
经CO2多轮吞吐后，华北某稠油油藏增油效果逐年变差，为进一步改善开发效果，采用N2泡沫/CO2复合吞吐提高原油采收率。为明确N2泡沫/CO2复合吞吐提高原油采收率机理，通过泡沫体系动、静态性能评价试验，评价了N2泡沫体系的封堵性能；采用自主研制的三维非均质物理模型开展了N2泡沫/CO2复合吞吐室内物理模拟试验，分析了N2泡沫与CO2复合提高采收率的效果及其相关机理。试验结果表明，质量分数0.3%的α-烯烃磺酸钠（AOS）和质量分数0.3%的聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）可形成稳定的泡沫体系，其封堵率达到99.57%，可实现对高渗层的有效封堵。三维试验结果表明，N2泡沫/CO2复合吞吐可使采收率提高22.74百分点，吞吐过程中含水率最低可降至2.07%，有效作用期是纯CO2吞吐的2.5～3.0倍。N2泡沫/CO2复合吞吐可有效扩大CO2和后续水的波及体积，为其后续现场应用提供理论支撑。
Abstract:The oil increment of a heavy oil reservoir in North China decreases gradually year by year after multiple CO2 huff and puff operations. In order to improve the developmental effect, CO2 huff and puff combined with N2 foam was proposed to enhance the oil recovery. Evaluation experiments on dynamic and static performances of foam systems were conducted to clarify the mechanism of CO2 huff and puff combined with N2 foam in enhancing oil recovery and assess the plugging performance of N2 foam systems. Then, a self-designed three-dimensional heterogeneous physical model was used to carry out laboratory physical simulation experiments on CO2 huff and puff combined with N2 foam, with the effect of which on improving oil recovery and related mechanisms studied. Experimental results showed that a stable foam system could be formed by using α-olefin sulfonate (AOS) and polyacrylamide (HPAM) both with a mass fraction of 0.3%, and the plugging ratio could reach 99.57%, which thus effectively plugged high permeable layers. The results of three-dimensional experiments showed that CO2 huff and puff combined with N2 foam could improve the oil recovery by 22.74 percentage points, and the water cut could be reduced to as low as 2.07% during huff and puff operations, with its effective action period lasting 2.5–3.0 times that of pure CO2 huff and puff. The CO2 huff and puff combined with N2 foam can effectively enlarge the swept volumes of CO2 and subsequent water, which provides theoretical support for its future field applications.
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图 1 N2泡沫/CO2复合吞吐试验三维非均质岩心模型
Figure 1. Three-dimensional heterogeneous core model for experiments on CO2 huff and puff combined with N2 foam
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图 2 发泡体积和半衰期与AOS质量分数的关系
Figure 2. Variation of foam volume and half-life period with AOS mass fractions
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图 3 发泡体积和半衰期与HPAM质量分数的关系
Figure 3. Variation of foam volume and half-life period with HPAM mass fractions
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图 4 不同气液比下N2泡沫体系注入驱替压差曲线
Figure 4. Displacement pressure drop curves of N2 foam with different gas/liquid ratios
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图 5 纯CO2吞吐与N2泡沫/CO2复合吞吐生产动态曲线
Figure 5. Dynamic production curves of CO2 huff and puff combined with N2 foam and pure CO2 huff and puff
表 1 试验岩心的基础物性参数
Table 1 Basic physical parameters of test cores
编号 泡沫注入量/PV 孔隙体积/mL 气测渗透率/mD 孔隙度，% 1 0.01 207 2 827 34.07 2 0.03 204 2 718 33.58 3 0.05 210 3 137 34.57 4 0.08 213 3 359 35.06 
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表 2 不同配方泡沫体系的综合指数
Table 2 Composite indexes of foam systems with different formulas
编号 AOS质量
分数，%HPAM质量
分数，%泡沫综合指数/
（mL·min）1 0.1 54 252 2 0.2 61 664 3 0.3 0.3 75 094 4 0.4 83 025 5 0.5 87 995 6 0.1 7 665 7 0.2 38 745 8 0.3 0.3 75 094 9 0.4 91 800 10 0.5 99 693
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表 3 N2泡沫体系封堵性能评价结果
Table 3 Evaluation results of plugging effect of N2 foam systems
编号 泡沫
气液比水驱平衡
压差/kPa泡沫稳定
压差/kPa阻力
系数封堵
率，%1 1∶2 6.02 556.17 92.29 98.92 2 1.0∶1.5 4.94 740.43 149.88 99.33 3 1∶1 5.09 1190.09 233.96 99.57 4 2∶1 5.07 1049.09 206.79 99.51
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表 4 纯CO2吞吐和N2泡沫/CO2复合吞吐三维物理模拟试验结果
Table 4 Results of three-dimensional physical simulation experiments on CO2 huff and puff combined with N2 foam and pure CO2 huff and puff
编号 试验方案 吞吐轮次 注入量 采收率增幅/百分点 最低含水率，% 有效期内吞吐量/PV 泡沫/mL CO2/mL（标况） 1 纯CO2吞吐 1 1 128 1.71 61.10 0.09 2 1 200 3.18 54.73 0.12 3 1 443 2.95 45.95 0.13 4 1 228 2.75 58.01 0.12 均值 1 250 2.65 54.95 0.12 总和 5 000 10.59 0.46 2 N2泡沫/CO2
复合吞吐1 40 1 138 8.98 2.07 0.39 2 40 1 130 4.36 31.29 0.28 3 40 1 035 5.11 65.01 0.28 4 40 1 095 4.29 58.42 0.24 均值 40 1 100 5.69 39.20 0.30 总和 160 4 400 22.74 1.19
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