Experimental Study on a Prediction Model for the Average Diameter of Initial Bubbles at Bottom Hole after Gas Cut
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摘要:
为了提高气侵后井筒气液两相流动计算结果的准确性，实验分析了气侵后井底初始气泡直径分布特征，建立了初始气泡平均直径预测模型。用不同质量分数黄原胶溶液模拟钻井液，用多孔介质模拟地层，实验分析了不同液相流变性、地层平均孔隙直径和不同气侵速度下井筒底部气泡群的直径分布特征。实验结果表明：模拟钻井液切力越大、气侵速度越大，生成的初始气泡直径范围越大，出现频率最高的气泡直径和最大气泡直径均增大；地层孔隙直径对初始气泡直径影响不明显。基于实验结果，综合考虑钻井液黏度、气体流量和表面张力等因素的影响，得到了侵入井底初始气泡平均直径实验预测模型；并考虑实际钻井过程中井壁处气体径向侵入特征和井斜角的影响，建立了侵入井底初始气泡平均直径预测模型。井底初始气泡直径预测模型的建立，为气侵后井筒气液两相流动精确计算提供了理论支撑。
Abstract:In order to improve the accuracy of the calculation results of the gas-liquid two-phase flow along the bottom hole after gas cut, the diameter distribution characteristics of initial bubbles at the bottom hole after gas cut were experimentally studied, and a prediction model for the average diameter of the initial bubbles was established. Xanthan gum solutions with different mass fractions were used to simulate drilling fluids, and porous media were utilized to simulate the formations. The bottom hole diameter distribution characteristics of the bubble groups were observed experimentally under different liquid phase rheology, average pore diameter of formation, and gas cut rates. The experimental results showed that a larger yield strength of the simulated drilling fluid and a higher gas cut rate resulted in a larger distribution of diameter range of the initial bubbles generated. In addition, the diameter of bubbles with the highest frequency of occurences and that of the biggest bubbles both increased. However, the formation’s pore diameter had no obvious effect on the initial bubble diameter. According to the experimental results, an experimental prediction model for the average diameter of the initial bubbles invading the bottom hole was established, which comprehensively considered the influence factors such as drilling fluid viscosity, gas flow rate, and surface tension. Furthermore, an prediction model for the average diameter of the initial bubbles invading the well bottom was established by considering the influence of the radial intrusion characteristics of the gas at the borehole wall and the hole deviation angle during the actual drilling. The establishment of the prediction model for the diameter of the initial bubbles at the bottom hole provides theoretical support for the accurate calculation of the gas-liquid two-phase flow along the wellbore after gas cut.
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图 1 侵入井筒初始气泡直径实验装置
Figure 1. Experimental device for the diameter of initial bubbles invading the wellbore
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图 2 不同质量分数黄原胶溶液切应力随剪切速率的变化
Figure 2. Yield strength variation of xanthan gum solution of different mass fractions with shearing rates
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图 3 气体流量0.2 L/min、黄原胶溶液质量分数0.20%时的初始气泡直径分布
Figure 3. Diameter distribution of initial bubbles in xanthan gum solution with a mass fraction of 0.20% at a gas flow rate of 0.2 L/min
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图 4 气体流量0.2 L/min、黄原胶溶液质量分数0.24%时的初始气泡直径分布
Figure 4. Diameter distribution of initial bubbles in xanthan gum solution with a mass fraction of 0.24% at a gas flow rate of 0.2 L/min
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图 5 气体流量0.8 L/min、黄原胶溶液质量分数0.28%时的初始气泡直径分布
Figure 5. Diameter distribution of initial bubbles in xanthan gum solution with a mass fraction of 0.28% at a gas flow rate of 0.8 L/min
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图 6 黄原胶溶液质量分数0.25%、平均孔隙直径60 μm时的初始气泡直径分布
Figure 6. Diameter distribution of initial bubbles in xanthan gum solution with a mass fraction of 0.25% and an average pore diameter of 60 μm
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图 7 黄原胶溶液质量分数0.30%、平均孔隙直径60 μm时的初始气泡直径分布
Figure 7. Diameter distribution of initial bubbles in xanthan gum solution with a mass fraction of 0.30% and an average pore diameter of 60 μm
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图 8 不同质量分数黄原胶溶液中的初始气泡直径分布
Figure 8. Diameter distribution of initial bubbles in xanthan gum solution with different mass fractions
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图 9 气泡索特平均直径与无量纲数的关系曲线
Figure 9. Relationship between bubble Sauter average diameter and dimensionless number
表 1 不同质量分数的黄原胶溶液流变参数
Table 1 Rheological parameters of xanthan gum solution with different mass fractions
黄原胶质量分数，% 密度/(kg·m−3) 屈服应力/Pa 稠度系数/(Pa·sn) 幂律指数 表面张力/(N·m−1) 0.20 1 004 0 1.68 0.31 0.064 0.24 1 004 0 0.79 0.31 0.065 0.25 1 004 0.15 0.91 0.29 0.065 0.28 1 004 0.46 1.38 0.28 0.066 0.30 1 004 1.32 1.29 0.27 0.065 0.35 1 005 1.96 1.44 0.26 0.066 0.40 1 005 2.43 1.28 0.26 0.067 0.45 1 005 2.91 1.53 0.24 0.068 0.48 1 005 3.24 1.36 0.23 0.067 0.50 1 005 3.32 1.77 0.23 0.068 
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