Foamed Cement Slurry Cementing Technology for Low-Pressure and Leakage-ProneLayers of the Shunbei Oil & Gas Field
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摘要:
顺北油气田二叠系裂缝发育,地层承压能力低,固井漏失风险大。针对该问题,优选了抗高温抗盐的蛋白质发泡剂和高聚物稳泡剂,二者加量分别为2%~4%和0.4%~0.8%时,泡沫可在120 ℃下保持稳定;研制了密度1.10~1.30 kg/L可调的防漏泡沫水泥浆体系,其流动性好,120 ℃下API滤失量小于50 mL,泡沫水泥石密度差小于0.03 kg/L,密度1.10 kg/L泡沫水泥浆形成的水泥石在低温常压下养护72 h的抗压强度可达7.2 MPa,泡沫水泥浆综合性能优良;研究形成了基于井深、温度和压力的环空分段充气设计方法,充气量根据井深、水泥浆密度和注水泥浆排量实时调整,以保证环空泡沫水泥浆密度上下均匀。基于上述研究成果,形成了顺北油气田低压易漏层泡沫水泥浆固井技术,并在该油气田2口井封固存在低压易漏层的二叠系时进行了应用,泡沫水泥浆均成功返至地面,固井质量优良。该技术为顺北油气田低压易漏层安全高质量固井提供了技术途径,也可为其他区块裂缝性地层防漏固井提供了借鉴。
Abstract:Permian strata in Shunbei Oil & Gas Field display a high level of fracture development, low bearing capacity, and a high risk of cementing leakage. In order to solve these problems, a protein foam agent and a polymer foam stabilizer with high temperature and salinity resistance were selected. Their dosages were optimized to be 2%–4% and 0.4%–0.8%, respectively, which could make the foam stable at 120 °C. In addition, an anti-leakage foamed cement slurry was developed with adjustable density ranging from 1.10–1.30 kg/L. The slurry has good fluidity, with API filtration of less than 50 mL at 120 °C. The density difference of foamed cement rocks was less than 0.03 kg/L, and the compressive strength of rocks with foamed cement slurry with density of 1.10 kg/L can reach 7.2 MPa after 72 h under low temperature and atmospheric pressure, which showed that the comprehensive performance of foamed cement slurry was excellent. Based on the well depth, temperature and pressure, the annular segmented aeration method was designed, and the aeration volume was adjusted on the fly according to the well depth, cement slurry density, and slurry displacement, which ensures uniform cement slurry density. According to the above results, the foamed cement slurry cementing technology for the low-pressure and leakage-prone layers of the Shunbei Oil & Gas Field was developed and applied in two wells, and the foamed cement slurry was back to the ground successfully, with good cementing quality. This technology supplies a way for the safe and high-quality cementing of low-pressure and leakage-prone formations of the Shunbei Oil & Gas Field and provides a reference for anti-leakage cementing of fractured formations in other blocks.
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Keywords:
- formation bearing capacity /
- leakage /
- foam cement slurry /
- well cementing /
- Shunbei Oil & Gas Field
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表 1 发泡剂SCF-1的性能
Table 1 Performance of foam agent SCF-1
试验温度/℃ 发泡体积/mL 半衰期/s 25 850 510 90 840 420 120 830 398 注:试验条件为2%SCF-1溶液在温度120 ℃下老化2 h,瓦楞搅拌机以转速4 000 r/min搅拌2 min。 表 2 稳泡剂SCF-2对发泡体积与泡沫半衰期的影响
Table 2 Effect of foam stabilizer SCF-2 on foaming volume and foam’s half life
SCF-2加量,% 发泡体积/mL 泡沫半衰期/min 0 850 8.5 0.4 830 86.0 0.6 820 225.0 0.8 750 >240.0 注:试验条件为采用2%SCF-1溶液,瓦楞搅拌机以转速4 000 r/min搅拌2 min。 表 3 发泡剂SCF-1加量对水泥浆密度的影响
Table 3 Effect of foam agent SCF-1 dosage on cement slurry density
SCF-1加
量,%水泥浆密度/
(kg·L−1)泡沫体积
分数,%48 h抗压强度/MPa 100 ℃ 120 ℃ 0 1.90 0 24.5 20.2 2 1.30 31 16.8 12.6 3 1.21 36 14.6 10.8 4 1.12 41 10.6 6.4 5 1.06 44 5.5 3.9 6 1.03 46 4.7 3.0 表 4 稳泡剂SCF-2加量对泡沫水泥浆稳定性的影响
Table 4 Effect of foam stabilizer SCF-2 dosage on cement slurry stability
SCF-2加量,% 试验温度/℃ 水泥浆密度/
(kg·L−1)水泥石密度/( kg·L−1) 密度差/
( kg·L−1)48 h抗压强度/MPa 上部 下部 100 ℃ 120 ℃ 0.4 100 1.19 1.19 1.20 0.01 14.5 10.6 0.6 110 1.20 1.19 1.20 0.01 14.3 10.5 0.8 120 1.23 1.21 1.24 0.03 14.2 10.3 表 5 泡沫水泥浆的基本性能
Table 5 Basic properties of foamed cement slurry
类型 密度/
( kg·L−1)流变参数 API滤失量/
mL沉降稳定性/
(kg·L−1)稠化时间/
min抗压强度/MPa K n 48 h/90 ℃ 72 h/30 ℃ 基浆1 1.50 1.06 0.75 44 1.50/1.50/1.50 361 18.5 14.3 水泥浆1 1.47 0.96 0.68 46 1.47/1.47/1.47 402 17.5 12.8 1.30 1.32 0.74 42 1.30/1.30/1.30 391 14.7 9.5 1.10 1.40 0.73 40 1.10/1.10/1.10 410 9.8 7.2 基浆2 1.88 0.97 0.74 32 1.88/1.88/1.88 298 28.6 26.6 水泥浆2 1.85 0.89 0.75 34 1.85/1.85/1.85 333 27.5 25.8 1.60 1.29 0.71 32 1.60/1.60/1.60 329 19.7 18.2 1.50 1.59 0.69 30 1.50/1.50/1.50 341 16.3 13.4 1.40 1.85 0.67 28 1.40/1.40/1.40 337 14.2 9.8 注:①基浆1(低密度水泥浆)配方为AG+16.0%微珠+12.0%微硅+2.0%增黏剂+6.0%降滤失剂+4.2%缓凝剂+1.0%早强剂+56.0%水+4.0%SCF-1+0.6%SCF-2;②水泥浆1是在基浆1基础上配制的不同密度泡沫水泥浆; ③基浆2(常规密度水泥浆)配方为AG+4.0%微硅 +1.0%增黏剂 +5.0%降滤失剂 +2.8%缓凝剂 +3.0%SCF-1+0.4%SCF-2+44.0%水; ④水泥浆2是在基浆2基础上配制的不同密度泡沫水泥浆; ⑤稠化试验条件为温度120℃、压力90 MPa,升温时间70 min;⑥泡沫水泥石强度为加压4 MPa密封取样测取。 表 6 泡沫水泥浆固井多级分段注气设计结果
Table 6 Cementing design of multi-stage segmented aeration of foamed cement slurry
级数 井深/m 压力/MPa 水泥浆体积/m3 注气量/
(m3· m−3)密度/( kg·L−1) 顶端 底端 顶部 底部 0 0 500 7.218 11 1.450 0 1.450 0 1 500 1000 13.326 11 17 1.191 6 1.288 7 2 1 000 1 500 19.451 11 27 1.219 0 1.274 6 3 1 500 2 000 25.581 11 36 1.230 3 1.266 9 4 2 000 2 500 31.714 13 44 1.237 0 1.262 0 5 2 500 3 000 37.847 13 50 1.240 1 1.259 5 6 3 000 3 500 43.980 13 56 1.242 0 1.257 8 7 3 500 4 000 50.115 13 62 1.243 4 1.256 6 8 4 000 4 500 54.532 8 1.450 0 1.450 0 表 7 顺北油气田A井ϕ273.1 mm技术套管固井水泥浆性能
Table 7 Cement slurry performance of ϕ273.1 mm casing cementing in Well A of the Shunbei Oil & Gas Field
类型 密度/(kg·L−1) 六速旋转黏度计读数 API滤失量/mL 自由水/mL 稠化时间/min 抗压强度/MPa 领浆基浆 1.45 284/181/138/87/13/10 32 0 434 11.2 尾浆 1.85 210/133/97/62/7/5 28 0 265 22.5 注:稠化试验条件为温度80 ℃、压力55 MPa,升温时间70 min;密度1.18 kg/L泡沫水泥石25 ℃下养护72 h后的抗压强度为6.4 MPa。 -
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