Integrated Calculation Method of Pressure and Formation Parameters in Gas Injection Process of Underground Gas Storage
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摘要:
为了掌握地下储气库注气过程中的压力动态变化情况，解决持续注气导致的地层参数难以确定的问题，依据现场静、动态资料，基于一种改进粒子群优化算法，综合储层压力、井底压力和井口压力的计算方法，建立了一种地下储气库注气过程一体化压力及地层参数计算方法。首先，利用计算储层压力、井底压力和井口压力的方法计算出井口压力；然后，应用改进粒子群优化算法，不断调整、优化压力和地层参数，使计算的井口压力与实测井口压力达到最优拟合，进而得到储层压力、井底压力，以及储层平均渗透率、探测半径等地层参数。利用该方法计算了呼图壁储气库3口注采井的井口压力和储层的平均渗透率，3口注采井计算井口压力与实测井口压力的决定系数分别为0.988 9，0.989 3和0.978 4，计算出的储层渗透率与试井解释的渗透率基本一致，说明该计算方法的计算结果可靠。研究结果表明，利用地下储气库注气过程一体化压力及地层参数计算方法，可以了解地下储气库注气过程中的压力变化情况，有助于指导地下储气库的安全运行。
Abstract:To fully grasp the dynamic pressure variations during gas injection of underground gas storage (UGS) and resolve the difficulty in determining formation parameters caused by continuous gas injection, an integrated calculation method of pressure and formation parameters in gas injection process of UGS was developed according to on-site static and dynamic data. The method was based on an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and integrated the calculation methods of reservoir pressure, bottom-hole pressure, and wellhead pressure. The wellhead pressure was first calculated by these calculation methods, and improved PSO algorithm was then employed to continuously adjust and optimize pressure and formation parameters. In this way, the obtained wellhead pressure could be fitted with measured wellhead pressure to the optimal extent, which could further lead to the determination of formation parameters such as reservoir pressure, bottom-hole pressure, average permeability of reservoirs and investigation radius. The integrated method was used to calculate the wellhead pressure of three injection and production wells and the average permeability of reservoirs. The results show that the determination coefficients for calculated and measured wellhead pressure of the three wells were 0.9889, 0.9893, and 0.9784, and the calculated reservoir permeability was consistent with that obtained from well test interpretation. This indicates that the developed method can produce reliable results. The research results demonstrate that the integrated method can be used to learn the pressure variations during the gas injection process of UGS and is conducive to guiding the safe operation of UGS.
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图 1 基于改进粒子群优化算法的压力和地层参数计算流程
Figure 1. Flow chart of pressure and formation parameter calculation based on improved PSO algorithm
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图 2 3口注采井实测与计算井口压力的相关性和压力计算及预测结果
Figure 2. Correlation between calculated and measured wellhead pressure and results of calculated and predicted pressure of three injection and production wells
表 1 3口实例井的基础参数
Table 1 Basic parameters of three example wells
井名 井深/m 井筒有效
半径/m孔隙度 天然气
相对密度天然气黏度/
（mPa·s）产能方程
类型产能系数A(C) 产能系数B(n) X1井 3 529.00 0.076 0.165 0.78 0.020 二项式 0.004 3 0.030 4 X2井 3 553.75 0.076 0.155 0.65 0.020 二项式 0.386 2 0.031 9 X3井 3 582.00 0.088 0.209 0.75 0.015 指数式 1.391 4 0.840 8 
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表 2 粒子群优化算法结果对比及地层参数
Table 2 Comparison of results obtained from PSO algorithm and formation parameters
井名 算法 平均渗透率/mD 探测
半径/m相对误差①，% 决定系数② 运行
时间/s注气前期 注气后期 X1井 基本粒子群优化算法 10.48 15.01 305.59 0.12 0.988 9 1 657.35 改进粒子群优化算法 10.48 15.01 305.59 0.12 0.988 9 1 445.51 X2井 改进粒子群优化算法 11.25 19.99 294.28 0.24 0.989 3 857.23 X3井 改进粒子群优化算法 10.00 29.99 301.26 0.11 0.978 4 418.35 注：①和②分别为计算井口油压和实测井口油压的相对误差和决定系数。
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