Optimized and Fast Drilling Technology for Deep Shale Gas Horizontal Wells in Luzhou Block
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摘要:
泸州区块深层页岩气储层龙马溪组页岩埋藏深、温度高，钻井过程中面临井漏频发、难钻地层机械钻速低、旋转导向仪器高温下的故障率高和钻井周期长等技术难点。为此，在分析钻遇地层特征和钻井技术难点的基础上，进行了井身结构和井眼轨道优化、高效钻头优选、堵漏技术措施优化、油基钻井液地面降温技术和欠平衡钻井技术研究，形成了泸州区块深层页岩气水平井优快钻井技术。该技术在泸州区块34口页岩气水平井进行了应用，应用井平均完钻井深5 760 m，平均水平段长1 890 m，平均机械钻速由5.61 m/h提高至7.03 m/h，创造了造斜段+水平段一趟钻完钻、单趟钻进尺2 330 m等纪录。泸州区块深层页岩气水平井优快钻井技术支撑了该区块深层页岩气安全钻井和钻井提速提效，对其他地区深层页岩气水平井钻井提速具有一定的借鉴价值。
Abstract:The Longmaxi shale gas reservoirs in Luzhou are deeply buried and have a high temperature. During the drilling process, technical problems such as frequent lost circulation, low rate of penetration (ROP), high failure rate of steering instruments due to high temperature, and long drilling period are frequently encountered. Therefore, on the basis of analyzing the actual formation conditions and technical challenges, the research on optimization of casing program and wellbore trajectory, plugging treatment improvement for lost circulation, selection of efficient bits, surface cooling of oil-based drilling fluid and underbalanced drilling technologies were conducted. As a result, an optimized and fast drilling technology for deep shale horizontal well in Luzhou Block was developed. This technology was applied to 34 shale gas horizontal wells in Luzhou Block. Average drilling depth of the wells was 5 760 m and the average length of horizontal sections was 1 890 m. In addition, the average ROP was increased from 5.61 m/h to 7.03 m/h. The inclined and horizontal sections were completed in one trip and the drilling footage of a single trip reached 2 330 m, which created a new record. The optimized and fast drilling technology for deep shale gas horizontal wells in Luzhou Block has ensured the safe drilling of deep shale gas, improved ROP and efficiency. It can provide a technical reference for ROP improvement of deep shale gas horizontal wells in other regions.
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图 1 泸203井区某平台井井眼轨道优化前后对比
Figure 1. Comparison of wellbore trajectory before and after optimization of a platform well in Well Block Lu 203
表 1 泸州区块深层页岩气水平井各开次中完井深、层位优化前后对比
Table 1 Comparisons of completion depth and layer before and after optimization of different sections in deep shale gas horizontal wells in Luzhou Block
开次 井眼尺寸/
mm套管尺寸/
mm调整
情况中完井深/
m中完层位 一开 660.4 508.0 优化前 50 沙溪庙组 优化后 150 沙溪庙组 二开 444.5 339.7 优化前 1 100 须家河组顶 优化后 1 200 须家河组中部 三开 311.1 250.8 优化前 2 900 韩家店组顶 优化后 2 800 栖霞组顶 
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表 2 泸州区块2019—2021年钻井指标变化情况
Table 2 Variations of drilling index in Luzhou Block from 2019 to 2021
井眼直径/
mm年份 钻井周期/d 机械钻速/
（m·h−1）平均钻进
趟数444.5 2019 18.4 7.28 4.4 2020 17.6 7.52 4.0 2021 12.5 10.21 3.5 311.1 2019 35.4 5.79 6.5 2020 38.8 5.22 6.3 2021 29.9 6.63 5.2 215.9 2019 59.1 4.72 14.0 2020 58.8 5.31 10.3 2021 49.5 6.53 8.7
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