Along-String Measuring Technique and Its Development Direction
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摘要:
深层、超深层、复杂地层和深水油气藏存在钻井施工难度大、周期长和井下故障多等问题，为安全、高效、快速钻井，需要实时监控井内压力、温度等参数。为此，介绍了NOV公司沿钻柱测量系统的构成，分析了沿钻柱测量技术在井眼净化监测、卡钻位置判断、钻井液漏失位置判断、漏失试验与地层完整性试验、井涌探测、钻柱及钻头工况分析等场景中的应用情况，指出了沿钻柱测量技术的发展方向，包括：完善随钻测量解释模型和应用场景、数据深入挖掘以及多参数可视化智能展示技术；优化传感器网络布局，开发替代有缆钻杆的高速信息传输网络，以提高其经济性；结合当前的技术需求和技术发展趋势扩展应用，以实现更多应用场景。在此基础上，对我国发展该技术提出了具体建议，建议持续完善井下工程参数测量系统、促进有缆钻杆商业化应用，在二者相对成熟后，逐步实现分布式测量传输。分析认为，采用常规钻柱和改进的分布式钻柱测量工具，利用智能微球分时传输技术实现分布式测量传输，是值得进一步研究的低成本沿钻柱测量路径。
Abstract:At present, the drilling of oil and gas reservoirs in deep, ultra-deep, and complex strata or deep water suffers from some problems such as difficult operations, long periods, and frequent downhole troubles. Thus, it is necessary to monitor pressure and temperature in wells in real time for safe, efficient, and fast drilling. This paper introduces the composition of the along-string measuring system developed by NOV. It included a close look at the applications of the along-string measuring technique in the scenarios of wellbore cleaning monitoring, sticking position determination, drilling fluid leakage position determination, leakage test and formation integrity test, kick detection, and the analysis of string and bit working conditions, etc. Further, the technique was evaluated in terms of its suitability in the course of field development. It was found that the interpretation model and application scenarios of along-string measuring need to be improved, in-depth data mining and multi-parameter visual intelligent display should be strengthened, the sensor network distribution can be optimized, and a high-speed information transmission network capable of replacing cabled drill pipes need to be developed to improve the economic benefit, so as to realize more application scenarios. On this basis, development suggestions were provided, including continuously improving downhole engineering parameter measuring systems and promoting the commercial application of cabled drill pipes in China. With the maturity of these two technologies, the distributed measuring transmission technology should be realized gradually. The analysis shows that the distributed measuring transmission via the smart microsphere-based time-sharing transmission technology with a conventional string system and improved distributed string measurement tools is a low-cost along-string measuring approach worthy of further study.
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表 1 挪威某井工具位置、井斜角和砂堵前当量循环密度变化情况
Table 1 Tool position, inclination angle and variation of equivalent circulating density before sand plugging within a well in Norway
时间 工具 工具位置/m 井斜角/（°） 当量循环密度
变化/（kg·L−1）砂堵前
23 hASM1 2 366 43 0.001 ASM2 2 141 37 0.019 ASM3 1 773 17 0.002 砂堵前
16 hASM1 2 486 46 0.001 ASM2 2 261 41 0.024 ASM3 1 893 22 0.002 砂堵前
5 hASM1 2 610 47 0.000 ASM2 2 385 44 0.030 ASM3 2 017 29 0.006 
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