The Current Status and Development Suggestions for Sinopec’s Staged Fracturing Technologies of Horizontal Shale Oil Wells
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摘要: 水平井分段压裂技术是实现页岩油高效开发的关键，经过十几年的技术研究与实践，中国石化初步形成了以“超密切割布缝、暂堵转向、高强度加砂、储层保护”为主体的页岩油水平井分段压裂技术，并在部分地区实现了页岩油勘探重大突破，但是工艺参数和技术水平与国外水平井分段压裂技术相比尚有差距。为此，在介绍中国石化页岩油水平井分段压裂技术现状的基础上，对比了国内外主要页岩油区块地质特征的差异，分析了中国石化页岩油压裂技术需求及面临的挑战，并针对中国石化陆相页岩油储层的特点，从地质–开发–工程一体化研究与实施的角度出发，同时考虑经济性及现场可操作性，提出了中高成熟度页岩油压裂技术和中低成熟度页岩油原位改质技术的发展建议，对于尽快形成中国石化页岩油开发技术体系，实现页岩油经济效益开发具有一定的指导意义。Abstract: Staged fracturing technologies of horizontal wells are the key to efficient development of shale oil. After more than a decade of research and practice, Sinopec has achieved major breakthroughs in shale oil exploration in several areas, and has preliminarily developed the staged fracturing technologies for horizontal shale oil wells, which are characterized by ultra-dense fractures, temporary plugging and diverting, high concentration proppant adding and reservoir protection. However, a gap still exists when comparing with the technological parameters and the technical level of the counterparts abroad. In this work, engineering geological characteristics of shale oil at home and abroad were compared, and the requirements and challenges for Sinopec’s shale oil fracturing technologies were analyzed. In addition, based on the characteristics of continental shale oil reservoirs, development suggestions for the fracturing technologies of shale oil with medium-high maturity and the in-situ upgrading technologies of the shale oil with medium-low maturity were provided with respect to the research and implementation of integration of geology and engineering, with consideration of economy and field operational feasibility. The suggestions can provide guidance in accelerating the building of a technical system for continental shale oil development and achieving the goal of economic development of shale oil.
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表 1 国内外页岩油水平井分段压裂参数对比
Table 1 Comparison between staged fracturing parameters of shale oil horizontal wells at home and abroad
技术参数 国内 国外 井网参数 单井为主或4井/平台，井距300～500 m 6～10井/平台，井距150～300 m 水平段长/m 800～2 000 2 000～3 000 压裂段长/m 60～80 45～56 段簇划分/（簇·段−1） 2～4 4～6 加砂强度/（t·m−1） 1.0～2.5 3.0～3.5 砂液比，% 2～8 6～10 压裂方式 CO2伴注压裂、逆混合压裂、拉链式压裂 多井同步分流压裂、拉链式压裂 
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表 2 国内外页岩油区块地质特征对比
Table 2 Comparison between geological characteristics of shale oil blocks at home and abroad
区块 埋深/
m优质页岩
厚度/m孔隙度，
%TOC，
%地层压力
系数硅质含
量，%碳酸质
含量，%杨氏模量/
GPa泊松比 水平应力
差/MPa国外 Eagle Ford 1 219～3 658 50～350 4～12 2.00～12.00 1.30～1.80 10～25 40～90 30～58 0.15～0.30 Permian 2 286～3 750 30～150 8～12 2.00～9.00 1.50 >90① <0.20 Bakken 1 370～2 300 >30 5～12 11.00～20.00 1.30～1.50 60～80① 0.22～0.29 中国石化 济阳坳陷 3 150～4 500 40～60 3～12 1.00～6.00 1.00～1.50 15～20 55～60 10～50 0.15～0.19 5～10 潜江凹陷 3 200～3 900 10～15 3～10 1.00～9.00 1.00～1.70 3～15 40～60 13～23 0.20～0.37 4～7 复兴地区侏罗系 2 500～2 900 26～28 4～7 1.64～2.08 >1.48 27～32 5～11 13～20 0.15～0.19 7～11 中国石油 吉木萨尔 2 500～3 000 8～12 6～16 平均5.16 1.00 21 26 25～29 0.25～0.28 3～10 长庆 2 000～2 400 >5～10 5～10 3.00～22.00 0.90～1.10 50～60 18～20 15～30 0.19～0.30 2～3 沧东凹陷 3 300～3 800 37～93 1～9 0.13～12.90 1.00～1.67 17～48 10～58 — 0.27～0.30 6～25 注：①为硅质和碳酸质的含量和。
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