Research on Gas-Charging Water Depths and Gas-Charging Rates of Dual-Gradient Drilling with Gas-Charging in Risers
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摘要: 为确定隔水管充气双梯度钻井充气水深和充气速率，根据气液两相流漂移流理论，考虑气体流动过程中其体积受隔水管环空压力变化的影响，建立了隔水管环空压力计算微元模型，推导出了隔水管充气双梯度钻井充气速率计算模型，并利用现场试验数据验证了模型计算结果的准确性。以南海某深水井为例，利用所建模型分析了施工参数对隔水管充气双梯度钻井充气水深、泥线处环空压力和充气速率的影响。结果显示：进行隔水管充气双梯度钻井时，在0～300.00 m水深段充气对井底压力的调节效果最明显，反应最迅速；在300.00～1 100.00 m水深段，充气只起到辅助调节井底压力的作用；在水深超过1 100.00 m处充气实现双梯度钻井所需的充气速率非常大；井口回压较小时，通过充气调节海底泥线处隔水管环空压力的效率高。研究结果表明，进行隔水管充气双梯度钻井时，应根据水深选择充气点，合理配置充气管路。Abstract: To determine the gas-charging water depths and gas-charging rates of dual-gradient drilling with gas- charging in risers, a differential element model was built for calculating the annular pressure of risers. The model was built according to the drift flow theory of gas-liquid two-phase flow, considering the influence of annular pressure variations of risers on the gas volume during gas flow. Then the model for calculating gas-charging rates was derived for dual-gradient drilling with gas-charging in risers, and field tests were used to verify the results of model. Taking a deep-water well in the South China Sea as an example, the effects of operating parameters on the gas-charging water depths, annular pressure at the mudlines, and gas-charging rates were analyzed by the model proposed for dual-gradient drilling with gas-charging in risers. The results showed that in dual-gradient drilling with gas-charging in risers, the regulation effects of bottom-hole pressure by gas charging are most significant in a water depth within 300 m, with the fastest response. In a water depth range of 300.00–1 100.00 m, gas charging only played an auxiliary role in bottom-hole pressure regulation. When the water depth exceeded 1 100.00 m, a high gas-charging rate was required for dual-gradient drilling by gas charging. When the wellhead back pressure was small, gas charging was highly efficient in regulating annular pressure of risers at the seabed mudlines. The research indicated that in the dual-gradient drilling with gas-charging in risers, gas-charging points could be selected according to water depth, and gas-charging pipelines should be properly deployed.
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Keywords:
- riser /
- dual-gradient drilling /
- gas-charging rate /
- annulus pressure /
- wellhead back pressure
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图 1 隔水管充气双梯度钻井基本原理
Figure 1. Basic principle of dual-gradient drilling with gas-charging in risers
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图 2 隔水管充气双梯度钻井试验装置
Figure 2. Experimental devices for dual-gradient drilling with gas-charging in risers
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图 3 隔水管环空中气体体积与充气水深的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between gas volume in riser annulus and water depths of gas-charging
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图 4 双梯度钻井时充气速率与充气水深的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between gas-charging rates and water depths in dual-gradient drilling
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图 5 井口回压对隔水管环空含气率的影响
Figure 5. Influence of wellhead back pressure on gas content in riser annulus
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图 6 井口回压对泥线处隔水管环空压力的影响
Figure 6. Influence of wellhead back pressure on riser annulus pressure at mudlines
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图 7 充气速率对不同水深处当量密度的影响
Figure 7. Influence of gas-charging rates on equivalent density at different water depths
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图 8 钻井液排量对充气速率的影响
Figure 8. Influence of flow rates of drilling fluids on gas-charging rates
表 1 陆地井试验数据
Table 1 Test data of onshore wells
组号 泵排量/（L·s–1） 气体注入压力/MPa 立管压力/MPa 井深270.00 m处压力/MPa 气体流量/（m3·min–1） 相对误差，% 实测 计算 1-A 25.0 3.09 4.80 2.74 1.48 1.545 3.6 2-C 25.0 3.05 4.48 2.67 1.83 1.936 5.8 3-F 21.3 3.25 3.12 2.55 2.15 2.269 5.5 5-F 15.4 3.17 1.34 2.47 2.18 2.323 6.5 6-E 13.0 3.12 0.80 2.36 2.14 2.296 7.3 
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