Friction & Sliding on Fracture Surfaces: A New Mechanism for Increasing Drilling Fluid Leakage in Deep Fractured Reservoirs
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摘要: 针对深层裂缝性地层在初次堵漏失败后多发生漏失量更大的重复性漏失的问题，设计并进行了裂缝面间摩擦滑动（简称缝面摩滑）前后的裂缝封堵模拟试验，以钻井液环境下岩板与岩块的摩擦滑动试验、基于微压痕的岩石力学参数测试、表面三维扫描等手段为辅，分析了钻井液侵入对天然裂缝缝面摩滑的诱发作用，探讨了缝面摩滑对裂缝性储层钻井液漏失的影响。油基钻井液或水基钻井液侵入天然裂缝，均能使岩石缝面摩擦因数减小，油基钻井液使岩石缝面摩擦因数减小的作用更强，这会诱发缝面摩滑形成错位裂缝，为钻井液漏失加剧提供通道和空间；缝面摩滑可使裂缝渗透率升高，导致钻井液封堵能力降低，钻井液漏失加剧；摩滑后缝面更光滑，可能会进一步扩大错位程度，使裂缝长度和宽度大幅增大，造成钻井液漏失加剧。研究结果表明，缝面摩滑是导致深部裂缝性地层钻井液漏失加剧的原因之一，提高天然裂缝面之间的摩擦因数、有效控制缝面摩滑可控制深部裂缝性地层的钻井液漏失。Abstract: Because repetitive leakage in greater volume often occurs in deep fractured reservoirs after the failure of initial plugging, fracture plugging simulation before and after the sliding with friction happens on fracture surfaces (referred to as friction & sliding on fracture surfaces) was designed and carried out. Supported by the friction & sliding experiments of rock plates and blocks in drilling fluid environment, rock mechanics parameter test based on micron indentation and the three-dimensional surface scanning, the inducing effect of drilling fluid intrusion on the friction & sliding on fracture surfaces was analyzed, and the influence on drilling fluid leakage in fractured reservoirs brought by friction & sliding on fracture surfaces was explored. Experiments showed that when the drilling fluid invaded natural fractures, both oil-base and water-base drilling fluids could decrease the friction factors of fractured rock surfaces, and the oil-base drilling fluid could brought a stronger effect, which would induce friction & sliding on fracture surfaces to form dislocated fractures, providing channels and space for the aggravation of drilling fluid leakage. Also, friction & sliding on fracture surfaces can increase the permeability of fractures, resulting in a decrease in the plugging capacity of drilling fluid and increasing drilling fluid leakage. Moreover, fracture surfaces were smoother after friction & sliding, which may further intensify the degree of dislocation. With the huge increase in the length and width of fractures, the leakage of drilling fluid was exacerbated. The research results showed that friction & sliding on fracture surfaces was one of the reasons for the exacerbation of drilling fluid leakage in deep fractured reservoirs. Drilling fluid leakage in deep fractured reservoirs could be controlled by increasing the friction factors of natural fracture surfaces and effectively controlling the friction & sliding on fracture surfaces.
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Keywords:
- deep part /
- fractured reservoir /
- friction /
- sliding /
- drilling fluid leakage /
- mechanism
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图 2 岩样在不同钻井液滤液浸泡前后缝面摩擦力与时间的曲线
Figure 2. The curve of friction force on fracture surfaces of rock samples with time before and after soaking in different drilling fluids
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图 4 裂缝岩样初始渗透率随流体压力的变化曲线
Figure 4. The change curve of initial permeability of fractured rock samples with fluid pressure
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图 6 裂缝岩样累计滤失量随时间的变化曲线
Figure 6. The change curve of cumulative filtration loss in fractured rock samples with time
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图 9 不同缝面摩擦因数对临界孔隙压力的影响
Figure 9. Effects of different friction factors of fracture surfaces on critical pore pressure
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图 11 基于白光干涉的岩样表面三维扫描
Figure 11. Three-dimensional surface scanning of rock samples based on white light interference
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图 12 扫描区域的微凸体高度统计直方图
Figure 12. Statistical histogram of asperity height in scanning regions
表 1 岩样不同环境下缝面摩擦因数测量结果
Table 1 Measurement results of friction factors of rock fracture surfaces under different situations
岩样
编号试验环境 浸泡流体 最大静摩擦
因数μ0动摩擦
因数μ1浸泡时
间/dC-1 干燥 0.63 0.58 0 滤液浸泡 水基钻井
液滤液0.55 0.53 3 C-2 干燥 0.60 0.59 0 滤液浸泡 油基钻井
液滤液0.55 0.48 3 
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