An Experimental Study on the Plugging Mechanisms of Sand-Preventing Medium in the Near-Well Zone of Sand Control Wells in Heterogeneous Polymer-Flooding Reservoirs
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摘要: 针对非均相复合驱油田开发出现的聚合物堵塞问题，利用非均相复合驱介质堵塞模拟实验装置，使用粒径中值0.15 mm地层砂和粒径0.6～1.2 mm砾石，分别采用清水、增黏基液、聚合物与PPG复配液等3种流体以及防砂油井中的聚合物堵塞物样品，开展了聚合物堵塞物对近井挡砂介质的堵塞模拟实验。结果发现：砾石层内聚合物堵塞物明显趋向于沿高渗透带运移，受液体剪切携带会剥落小尺寸黏团，挤入深部砾石层孔喉中，阻碍了地层砂运移，从而加剧了砾石层的堵塞程度，导致总体渗透率下降，且堵塞程度与堵塞物含量呈正相关。研究结果表明，非均相复合驱砾石充填防砂井近井地带堵塞是聚合物原液、聚合物堵塞物及固相颗粒的物理化学复合堵塞的结果，需尽早采取解堵措施，防止堵塞程度进一步加剧。Abstract: In light of the plugging problem in oilfield development using the heterogeneous polymer flooding, a simulation experiment to evaluate the plugging due to polymer plug in the sand-preventing medium in the near-well zone was carried out. It used a experimental simulation device of medium plugging of heterogeneous composite flooding. In the experiment, formation sand with grain sized averaging a diameter of 0.15 mm and gravel with a diameter range of 0.6–1.2 mm were used. In conjunction, three types of fluids, including clear water, a tackifying base fluid and a compound fluid contained PPG and polymer material were used. Further, the polymer plug samples in the sand control wells were used, respectively. The results showed that while it was in the gravel packing layer, the plug tended to migrate along the high permeability zone. Carried by fluid shear, the small viscous balls would be peeled off from the plug and then squeezed into the pores and throats in the deep gravel layer. These small, viscous balls impeded the migration of formation sand and intensified the degree of plugging degree in the gravel layer, which was positively related to the plug content. The outcome was a decrease in overall permeability. The results showed that the plugging in the near-well zone of gravel packed sand control wells treated by heterogeneous polymer flooding was a result of physical and chemical compound plugging of polymer dope, plug and solid particles. Early de-plugging measures should be taken to prevent plugging degree aggravation.
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图 1 非均相复合驱介质堵塞模拟实验装置
Figure 1. Experimental simulation device of medium plugging of heterogeneous composite flooding
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图 2 甲组实验中填充砾石模拟延伸状态的高渗透带
Figure 2. Simulation of the high permeability zone in the extension state utilizing gravel filling in group A
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图 3 乙组实验中填充砾石模拟存在尖灭的高渗透带
Figure 3. Simulation of the high permeability zone with pinch out utilizing gravel filling in group B
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图 4 不同孔道类型条件下砾石层总体渗透率变化曲线
Figure 4. Overall permeability variation curve of gravel layer under different channel type conditions
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图 5 甲组实验中不同位置处的堵塞物侵入形态
Figure 5. Experimental results of plug intrusion pattern at different positions in group A
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图 6 乙组实验中不同位置堵塞物侵入形态
Figure 6. Experimental results of plug intrusion pattern at different positions in group B
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图 7 储层多孔介质及近井储层聚合物堵塞物运移堵塞原理示意
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of migration and plugging of polymer plug in porous media and near well formation
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图 8 聚合物堵塞物对砾石层总体渗透率的影响
Figure 8. Effect of polymer plug on the overall permeability of gravel layer
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图 10 堵塞物成分和含量对砾石层总体渗透率的影响
Figure 10. Effect of different plug composition and content on the overall permeability of gravel layer
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图 11 处理后堵塞物侵入砾石层显微照片
Figure 11. Photomicrograph of the plug intruding into the gravel layer after treatment
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图 12 聚合物堵塞物加剧堵塞原理示意
Figure 12. Schematic diagram of plugging aggravation brought by polymer plug
表 1 聚合物堵塞物样品元素分析结果
Table 1 Element analysis results of polymer plug samples
元素 C O Na Mg Al Si S Cl Ca Fe 质量分数，% 51.80 35.90 1.81 0.53 0.65 1.57 0.57 1.42 4.72 1.02 摩尔分数，% 63.22 32.37 1.14 0.32 0.35 0.81 0.26 0.58 1.70 0.26 
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