Cementing Technology Applied in the Parahuacu Oilfield of Ecuador
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摘要: 厄瓜多尔Parahuacu油田固井时，二界面易发生边底水窜，水泥浆滤液及固相易侵入储层孔喉，采用常规密度水泥浆易发生漏失。针对这些问题，通过模拟冲洗试验，研制了酸性冲洗液、暂堵型隔离液和界面胶结增强剂，配成了多效固井前置液；通过选用空心玻璃微珠、确定液固比设计窗口、控制滤失量和增强防水窜性能，研制出一种防水窜胶乳低密度水泥浆。室内试验结果表明，多效固井前置液能清除井壁95.0%的结构性滤饼，使储层渗透率恢复率超过90.0%，水泥界面胶结强度提高5倍以上；防水窜胶乳水泥浆密度1.74 kg/L，浆体性能稳定，API滤失量不大于20 mL，静胶凝强度过渡时间短于10 min。由上述前置液、水泥浆和相关配套技术措施（如扶正器加放措施、注替方案设计）形成的固井技术，在Parahuacu油田5口井进行了应用，套管居中度达到85.8%，水泥浆环空顶替效率超过95.0%，储层区域未发生水泥浆漏失和边底水窜，固井质量优良。研究结果表明，Parahuacu油田固井技术现场应用效果显著，能解决该油田油层固井中存在的问题。Abstract: When cementing a well in the Parahuacu oilfield of Ecuador, edge-bottom-water channeling is very likely to occur in the second interface in which cement slurry filtrate and solid particles easily intrude into the reservoir pore throat, and cement slurry with conventional density may leak into the reservoir. To solve those problems, an acidic flush fluid, a temporary plugging spacer and an interfacial cementing enhancer were developed through simulated flushing tests. Keeping those factors in mind, a multi-effect cementing pad fluid was prepared with them. A low-density cement slurry containing anti-channeling latex was developed with a micro hollow glass ball while considering the liquid-solid ratio, fluid loss control and anti-channeling performance. Indoor testing results show that by using the multi-effect cementing pad fluid, 95.0% structural mud cake on the sidewall was removed, the permeability recovery of the reservoir reached over 90.0%, the interfacial cementing strength increased more than 5 times. The cement slurry with anti-channeling latex has a density of 1.74 kg/L, its performance is stable, API fluid loss does not exceed 20 mL and static gel strength transition time is less than 10 min. The newly developed cementing technology, including the above-mentioned pad fluid, cement slurry and relevant supporting technical measures (such as centralizer placement, displacement scheme design), was then applied to 5 wells in Parahuacu oilfield. In the field application, casing centralization was up to 85.8%, annulus displacement efficiency of cement slurry exceeded 95.0%, no leakage of cement slurry or edge-bottom-water channeling was found in the reservoir. The new cementing technology in the Parahuacu oilfield has achieved significant effect and can solve existing problems in reservoir cementing.
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图 1 不同加量下碳酸钙溶液的渗透率恢复率
Figure 1. Permeability recovery of calcium carbonate solution with different adding amounts
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图 2 加入4.0%CA-13L后水泥浆的静胶凝强度发展曲线
Figure 2. Static gel strength curve of cement slurry with 4.0% CA-13L added
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图 3 防水窜胶乳低密度水泥浆稠化曲线
Figure 3. Thickening test curve of the low-density cement slurry with anti-channeling latex
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图 4 防水窜胶乳低密度水泥浆强度曲线
Figure 4. Strength curve of the low-density cement slurry with anti-channeling latex
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图 5 PRH-X井顶替效率模拟结果
Figure 5. Simulation results of displacement efficiency in Well PRH-X
表 1 不同悬浮剂溶液的流变性能
Table 1 Rheological performance of different suspending agents
悬浮剂
溶液六速旋转黏度计读数 流性
指数n稠度系数/
(Pa·sn)ϕ600 ϕ300 ϕ200 ϕ100 ϕ6 ϕ3 G404SP 21 12 9 5 2 1 0.807 0.037 XC-HV 33 21 15 10 1 1 0.652 0.172 BCS-010L 32 21 15 12 2 1 0.608 0.227 
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表 2 碳酸钙粒径分布情况统计结果
Table 2 Statistics of size distribution of calcium carbonate particles
碳酸钙 d10/μm d50/μm d90/μm 酸蚀率，% 200目碳酸钙 6 37 73 98.6 325目碳酸钙 5 24 45 99.4 注：d10，d50和d90为特定粒径，粒径小于它们的颗粒分别占总颗粒的10%、50%和90%。
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表 3 ULTRA SS-5L加量对界面胶结强度的影响
Table 3 Effect of different adding amounts of ULTRA SS-5L on interfacial cementing strength
ULTRA SS-5L加量，% 界面胶结强度/MPa 1 d 3 d 7 d 14 d 0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 2.5 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 5.0 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 7.5 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 10.0 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
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表 4 CA-13L加量对水泥浆胶凝强度的影响
Table 4 Effect of different adding amounts of CA-13L on gel strength of cement slurry
CA-13L加量，% 胶凝强度/Pa 87 ℃，10 s 87 ℃，10 min 0 2.2 7.9 2 5.7 32.5 4 7.6 46.9
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表 5 PRH-X井ϕ177.8 mm尾管固井流体注替方案
Table 5 Fluid displacement scheme for ϕ177.8 mm liner cementing in Well PRH-X
序号 名称 体积/m3 排量/
（m3·min–1）时间/
min1 暂堵型隔离液 4.77 0.954 5.0 2 普通冲洗液 1.59 0.636 2.5 3 酸性冲洗液 3.18 0.795 4.0 4 普通冲洗液 1.59 0.636 2.5 5 暂堵型隔离液 4.77 0.954 5.0 6 普通冲洗液 1.59 0.636 2.5 7 酸性冲洗液 4.77 0.795 6.0 8 界面胶结增强剂 3.98 0.795 5.0 9 清水 1.59 0.636 2.5 10 防水窜胶乳低密度水泥领浆 2.23 0.795 2.8 11 防水窜胶乳低密度水泥尾浆 5.25 0.795 6.5 12 清水替量 17.50 1.113 15.7 13 钻井液替量 15.90 0.954 16.7 14 钻井液替量 6.36 0.477 13.3 15 钻井液替量 1.75 0.397 4.4
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