The Technical Advance and Development Suggestions for Leakage Prevention and Plugging Technologies in the Tarim Oilfield
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摘要: 针对塔里木油田复杂地质条件下的井漏问题，结合地层特征分析了该油田的井漏类型，总结了该油田防漏堵漏技术发展历程及取得的技术成果。分析可知，塔里木油田漏失类型包括孔隙性漏失、裂缝性漏失和溶洞型漏失，但以裂缝性和缝洞型漏失为主。该油田的防漏堵漏技术发展经历了基础体系建立阶段和特色技术发展完善阶段，形成了油基钻井液防漏堵漏、高强度承压堵漏、高压盐水层防漏堵漏和缝洞型漏失堵漏等技术。通过分析梳理，明确了塔里木油田防漏堵漏技术现状和依然存在的漏失难题，确定了攻关方向，提出了加强地层预测、研发或引进新型堵漏技术、丰富工程技术手段和开发大数据堵漏软件等技术发展建议。Abstract: With the goal of solving the problem of circulation lost under complicated geological conditions of the Tarim Oilfield, this paper analyzed the types of circulation lost in this oilfield combining its formation characteristics, and summarized the development history and achievements of leakage prevention and plugging technologies in this field. It shows that leakages induced by porosity, fracture and caverns are all encountered in Tarim Oilfield, but mainly caused by fractures and cavity. The development of leakage prevention and plugging technologies in this oilfield has undergone two stages: the establishment of basic system and the development and perfection of characteristic technology. A series of techniques have been formed such as oil-based drilling fluid leakage prevention and plugging, high-strength pressure-bearing plugging, high-pressure brine layer leakage prevention and plugging, and fracture-cavity leakage plugging. From the analysis and sorting, we have clarified the current status of leakage prevention and plugging techniques in Tarim Oilfield and the remaining challenges in leakage control, and determined the trend of research. We proposed suggestions for further development of those technologies, such as strengthening formation prediction, developing or introducing new plugging technologies, enriching engineering techniques, and developing big data plugging software.
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表 1 精细控压钻井技术在塔中I号气田的应用情况
Table 1 Application of precise pressure management drilling technology in the Tazhong I Gas Field
井号 井型 控压钻进井段/m 钻井液
漏失量/m3中古105H 水平井 6 285.00～6 829.00 0 TZ26-H7 水平井 4 223.00～5 699.00 0 TZ26-H9 水平井 4 343.00～4 637.00 0 TZ26-H10 水平井 4 547.00～5 643.00 0 TZ26-H11 水平井 4 588.00～5 175.00 0 TZ721-8H 水平井 5 033.00～6 705.00 0 TZ5-H2 水平井 6 296.00～7 810.00 0 
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表 2 缝洞型漏失封堵技术应用效果
Table 2 Application effect of plugging technology for fracture-cavity leakage
井号 漏失量/
m3投球 施工效果 数量/个 直径/mm ZG-a 885.7 4 000 19 堵漏成功 ZG-b 3 728.0 10 000 10 堵漏成功，地层承压能力提高了7.5 MPa ZG-c 2 284.0 5 000 19 堵漏成功 ZG-d 3 078.0 10 000 19 堵漏成功 30 000 19 堵漏球无法架桥，效果不明显 ZG-e 1 263.9 30 000 19 施工效果不明显 ZG-f 2 732.6 30 000 19 堵漏后，油气活跃程度明显降低，不再出现液面上升或套压升高现象 ZG-g 3 989.6 30 000 19 堵漏后，采用1.08 kg/L钻井液钻进21 m，未漏 10 000 19 施工效果不明显 ZG-h 1 924.6 45 000 19 堵漏后恢复钻进，堵漏成功
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