缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层压裂效果评价方法试验研究

李新勇; 耿宇迪; 刘志远; 汪文智; 周舟

doi:10.11911/syztjs.2020074

缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层压裂效果评价方法试验研究

李新勇^1,,
耿宇迪¹,
刘志远¹,
汪文智^{2, 3},
周舟^{2, 3}

1.
中国石化西北油田分公司工程技术研究院，新疆乌鲁木齐 831000
2.
油气资源与探测国家重点实验室（中国石油大学（北京）），北京 102249
3.
中国石油大学（北京）石油工程学院，北京 102249

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项“缝洞型油藏堵调及靶向酸压工艺技术”（编号：2016ZX05014-005-003）、国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“碳酸盐岩储层孔洞与水力裂缝扩展相互作用的力学机理研究”（编号：51704306）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
李新勇（1972—），男，新疆乌鲁木齐人，1997年毕业于西南石油学院采油工程专业，高级工程师，主要从事储层压裂改造方面的研究工作。E-mail：lixinyong.xbsj@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE357.1⁺1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-26
- 修回日期: 2020-06-15
- 网络出版日期: 2020-08-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-30

An Experimental Study on Evaluation Methods for Fracturing Effect of Fractured-Vuggy Carbonate Reservoir

1.
Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 831000, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting(China University of Petroleum (Beijing)), Beijing, 102249, China
3.
College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China

摘要

摘要: 目前，由于缺乏缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层压裂裂缝沟通效果评价体系，无法实现压裂改造效果量化评价，因而需要针对缝洞型碳酸盐岩特征建立压裂改造效果评价方法。利用人造缝洞型碳酸盐岩岩心进行了水力压裂物理模拟试验，基于试验结果建立了符合缝洞型碳酸盐岩压裂特征的评价标准，提出了“缝洞沟通系数”的概念，然后利用该系数定量分析了地应力差对缝洞型碳酸盐岩压裂效果的影响。试验发现：用以评价压裂效果的SRV系数无法准确评价缝洞型碳酸盐岩压裂效果，而缝洞沟通系数可以针对此类缝、洞发育的岩石情况作出准确的压裂效果评价；利用缝洞沟通系数评价了水平地应力差对缝洞碳酸盐岩压裂效果的影响，发现随着地应力差增大缝洞沟通系数先降低后升高。研究结果表明，缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层中各因素对压裂改造效果的影响规律与常规储层不同，利用缝洞沟通系数分析压裂裂缝扩展沟通情况针对性更强、评价缝洞碳酸盐岩储层压裂改造效果更有效。
- 缝洞型碳酸盐岩 /
- 缝洞沟通 /
- 压裂效果 /
- 缝洞沟通系数 /
- 实验室试验
Abstract: The lack of evaluation system for evaluating communication of fractures in vuggy carbonate reservoirs makes it impossible to quantitatively analyze post frac treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an evaluation method for post frac according to the characteristics of abundant natural fractures and karst caves in carbonate reservoirs. A physical experiment simulated hydraulic fracturing on artificial fractured-vuggy carbonate cores was conducted, the evaluation criteria that meets the fracturing characteristics of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs were proposed based on the experimental results, and the concept of fractured-vuggy communication coefficient was proposed. Then, the proposed coefficient was used to quantitatively analyze the influence of in-situ differential stress on vuggy carbonate fracturing effect. The experimental results show that the SRV coefficient used to evaluate fracturing effect cannot accurately evaluate the effect of fractured-vuggy carbonate fracturing, while the fractured-vuggy communication coefficient can make a more accurate evaluation. The influence of horizontal in-situ differential stress on fractured-vuggy carbonate fracturing effect was evaluated with the proposed coefficient. It is found that the coefficient decreases first then increases with the increase of in-situ differential stress. The results demonstrate that the influence of various factors on fracturing effect of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs are different from that of conventional ones, and the proposed fractured-vuggy communication coefficient can be used to more precisely analyze the fracture propagation and communication conditions, and to more effectively evaluate such reservoirs.
- fractured-vuggy carbonate /
- fractured-vuggy communication /
- fracturing effect /
- fractured-vuggy communication coefficient /
- laboratory experiment

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图 1 地层储集体分布示意

Figure 1. Distribution diagram of stratigraphic reservoir

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图 2 人造碳酸盐岩岩心缝洞分布示意

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of artificial carbonate core

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图 3 模拟井筒示意

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of simulated wellbore

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图 4 真三轴水力压裂物理模拟试验系统

Figure 4. Physical simulation experiment system of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing

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图 5 人造岩心压裂试验结果

Figure 5. Experimental results of fracturing on artificial core

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图 6 相同SRA值的页岩压裂试验结果

Figure 6. Experimental result of fracturing in shale with the same SRA value

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图 7 水平地应力差对缝洞沟通系数的影响

Figure 7. The influence of horizontal in-situ differential stress on the fractured-vuggy communication coefficient for fractured-dvuggy reservoirs

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图 8 缝洞沟通系数与裂缝沟通系数随地应力差变化情况对比

Figure 8. Comparison on the change of fractured-vuggy communication coefficient and fracture communication coefficient with in-situ differential stress

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表 1 人造岩心与天然岩心参数对比

Table 1 Comparison on the parameters of artificial core and natural core

岩心	强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	矿物成分，%			孔隙度，%	渗透率/mD
岩心	强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	方解石	白云石	其他	孔隙度，%	渗透率/mD
人造岩心	310	41	0.230	86.0	14.0	0	1.1	0.1
天然岩心	320	44	0.245	86.2	12.7	1.1	0.7～2.5	0.05～0.50
相似度，%	94	93	93	93			91	90

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表 2 试验参数与现场压裂施工数据的对应情况

Table 2 Correspondence between the experimental parameters and field fracturing datas

试样编号	围压/MPa		排量/（mL·min⁻¹）		压裂液黏度/（mPa·s）
试样编号	试验	现场	试验	现场	试验	现场
1	20/15/7	120/101/75	10	6.5×10⁶	1	1
2	20/15/7	120/101/75	5	3.8×10⁶	1	1
3	20/15/7	120/101/75	20	9.5×10⁶	1	1
4	20/15/7	120/101/75	10	6.5×10⁶	10	10
5	20/15/7	120/101/75	10	6.5×10⁶	30	30
6	20/15/9	120/101/83	10	6.5×10⁶	10	10
7	20/15/11	120/101/90	10	6.5×10⁶	10	10
8	20/15/7	120/101/75	10	6.5×10⁶	10	10
9	20/15/9	120/101/83	10	6.5×10⁶	10	10
10	20/15/11	120/101/90	10	6.5×10⁶	10	10
11	20/15/7	120/101/75	10	6.5×10⁶	10	10
12	20/15/9	120/101/83	10	6.5×10⁶	10	10
13	20/15/11	120/101/90	10	6.5×10⁶	10	10

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