Key Technologies for the Safe Drilling of Fractured Carbonate Gas Reservoirs in the Shunbei Oil and Gas Field
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摘要:
为了解决顺北油气田碳酸盐岩裂缝性气藏钻井过程中溢流和漏失同存的问题，保证钻井安全，分析了其溢流和漏失同存的原因，制定了首先暂堵裂缝阻止气体侵入井筒、然后在气体侵入井筒的情况下控制气体侵入量和上窜速度以保证钻井安全的技术思路，并将裂缝性气藏暂堵技术、控压钻井技术和高温气滞塞技术进行集成，形成了顺北碳酸盐岩裂缝性气藏安全钻井关键技术。应用该关键技术时，先用裂缝性气藏暂堵技术阻止气体进入井筒；发现气体侵入井底时，用控压钻井技术控制气体侵入量；气体侵入井筒的情况下，用高温气滞塞技术降低气体上窜速度，保障钻井安全。顺北油气田在应用碳酸盐岩裂缝性气藏安全钻井关键技术后，解决了溢流和漏失同存的难题，提高了钻井速度，保证了钻井安全。
Abstract:In order to solve the problems created by the coexistence of overflow and circulation lost during drilling through fractured carbonate gas reservoirs in the Shunbei Oil and Gas Field and to ensure drilling safety, a technical solution was worked out by means of analyzing the causes of the coexistence of overflow and lost circulation in fractured carbonate gas reservoirs. According to this solution, the first thing to do is to temporarily block fractures that prevent gas invasion into the wellbore, and in the case of gas influx, it is necessary to control the amount of gas influx and the speed of gas channeling to ensure drilling safety. Based on this, tje key technologies for the safe drilling of fractured carbonate gas reservoirs involves integrating temporary blocking technology for fractured reservoirs, using MPD and implementing high temperature gas-block plugging. First, the temporary blocking technology for fractured gas reservoirs should be used to prevent gas from entering the wellbore. In case of gas influx occurs in the bottom hole, MPD should be used to control the influx amount, while high temperature gas-block plugging should be adopted to reduce the speed of gas channeling if the gas is found in the wellbore. After the application of such key technologies in the fractured carbonate gas reservoir in the Shunbei Oil and Gas Field, the coexistence of overflow and circulation lost was solved and drilling speed was increased and the drilling safety ensured.
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图 1 裂缝性气藏与常规气藏压力系统对比
Figure 1. Pressure system comparison between fractured gas reservoir and conventional gas reservoirs
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图 3 控压起钻时的井底压力控制情况
Figure 3. Bottom hole pressure control during managed pressure POOH
表 1 顺北油气田碳酸盐岩裂缝性气藏与国内其他碳酸盐岩气藏地质条件对比
Table 1 Geological condition comparison between fractured carbonate gas reservoir in the Shunbei Oil and Gas Field and the other carbonategas reservoirs in China
区块 埋藏深度/m 地层压力/MPa 地层温度/℃ CO2含量，% H2S含量，% 顺北 6 600～8 300 82.0～180.0 170.0～238.0 1.17～9.36 0.004～0.160 普光 4 356～5 157 55.0～61.0 120.0～134.0 8.64 15.160 元坝 6 710～7 160 66.0～69.0 145.0～158.0 7.50 5.140 龙岗 5 800～6 200 52.0～63.0 134.0～140.0 3.38 2.750 克拉 3 500～4 000 74.4 104.0 0.65 0 克深 6 500～8 000 113.0 167.0 0.81 0 
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表 2 暂堵堵漏浆封堵性能评价结果
Table 2 Evaluation on the plugging performance of temporary plugging slurry
岩心 缝宽/μm 正向液驱压力/MPa 正向气驱压力/MPa 滤失量/mL 反向气体突破压力/MPa 1 30～50 15 >8.0 0 0.6 2 90～150 15 >7.5 0.5 >3.5 3 150～250 15 >8.0 0.1 1.0 4 210～350 15 >8.0 0.4 0.8 5 270～450 15 >7.5 0.2 0.6
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表 3 低密度小球在不同黏度流体中的上升速度
Table 3 Upward velocity of low density pellets in fluids with different viscosity
测试流体 六速旋转黏度计读数 表观黏度/（mPa·s） 静切力/Pa 小球上窜速度/（mm·s−1） ϕ600/ϕ300/ϕ200/ϕ100/ϕ6/ϕ3 初切力 终切力 清水 2/1/0/0/0/0 1.0 0 0 37.5 高黏流体 45/30/24/15/4/2 22.5 0.5 1.0 3.0 低浓度高温气滞塞 23/23/23/23/22/22 11.5 8.0 12.0 0 注：低密度小球的密度为0.4 kg/L，直径为1.0 mm；3种测试流体的密度均为1.0 kg/L。
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表 4 抗高温提切剂性能评价结果
Table 4 Evaluation on the performance of high temperature resistant shear strength-improving agent
提切剂及加量 条件 六速旋转黏度计读数 静切力/Pa 塑性黏度/（mPa·s） 动切力Pa ϕ600/ϕ300/ϕ200/ϕ100/ϕ6/ϕ3 初切力 终切力 1%HE300 老化前 31/19/14/8/1/0.5 0.25 0.25 12 3.5 老化后 4/2/1/0.5/0/0 0 0 2 0 1%HEC 老化前 52/36/23/13/6/5 2.00 5.00 16 10.0 老化后 5/3/2/1/0/0 0 0 2 0.5 4%SMRM 老化前 24/20/19/16/9/8 4.00 6.00 4 8.0 老化后 14/13/13/13/16/16 8.00 13.00 1 6.0 注：老化条件是在200 ℃下滚动16 h；六速旋转黏度计的读数是在50 ℃下测得的。
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表 5 高温气滞塞在50和190 ℃下的流变性
Table 5 Rheological properties of high temperature gas-block plug at 50 °C and 190 °C
温度/℃ 六速旋转黏度计读数 密度/（kg·L−1） 终切力Pa 塑性黏度/（mPa·s） 动切力/Pa ϕ600/ϕ300/ϕ200/ϕ100/ϕ6/ϕ3 50 144/119/104/76/20/31 1.05 34 25 47 190 50/4846/45/22/18 15 2 23 注：测试压力为4 MPa。
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表 6 顺北油气田碳酸盐岩裂缝性气藏安全钻井模式
Table 6 Safe drilling mode of fractured carbonate gas reservoir in the Shunbei Oil and Gas Field
地层 漏失 气侵强度 弱 较强 强 一间房组、
上鹰山组否 旋转控制头 旋转控制头
控压节流管汇旋转控制头
控压节流管汇
回压泵
PWD下鹰山组 是 旋转控制头 旋转控制头
控压节流管汇旋转控制头
控压节流管汇
回压泵
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