南海西江油田古近系泥页岩地层防塌钻井液技术

张伟国; 狄明利; 卢运虎; 张健; 杜宣

doi:10.11911/syztjs.2019103

南海西江油田古近系泥页岩地层防塌钻井液技术

张伟国^1,,
狄明利²,
卢运虎^{3, 4,*, ,},
张健^{3, 4},
杜宣^{3, 4}

1.
中海石油（中国）有限公司深圳分公司，广东深圳 518067
2.
中海油田服务股份有限公司，河北三河 065201
3.
油气资源与探测国家重点实验室（中国石油大学（北京）），北京 102249
4.
中国石油大学（北京）石油工程学院，北京 102249

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目“高温高应力盐膏层弯曲井筒围岩失稳机理与控制理论研究”（编号：51774305）、石油化工联合基金（A类）重点支持项目“超深井井筒安全构建工程基础理论与方法”（编号：U1762215）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
张伟国（1979—），男，山东烟台人，2002年毕业于石油大学（华东）石油工程专业，高级工程师，主要从事海上钻井完井技术研究及相关管理工作。E-mail：zhangwg@cnooc.com.cn

通讯作者:
卢运虎，luyunhu20021768@163.com

中图分类号: TE254⁺.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-22
- 修回日期: 2019-09-29
- 网络出版日期: 2019-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-31

Anti-Sloughing Drilling Fluid Technology for the Paleogene Shale Stratum of the Xijiang Oilfield in the South China Sea

ZHANG Weiguo^1,,
DI Mingli²,
LU Yunhu^{3, 4,*, ,},
ZHANG Jian^{3, 4},
DU Xuan^{3, 4}

1.
CNOOC China Limited, Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518067, China
2.
China Oilfield Services Limited, Sanhe, Hebei, 065201, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting (China University of Petroleum (Beijing)), Beijing, 102249, China
4.
College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China

摘要

摘要:
为了解决南海西江油田古近系泥页岩地层钻井过程中出现的井下掉块和阻卡等问题，进行了防塌钻井液技术研究。通过地层矿物组分、理化特性和力学参数分析，明确了古近系泥页岩地层井眼失稳机理；建立了维持井壁稳定的钻井液密度与岩石黏聚力关系图版，确定了保持井壁稳定的最低岩石黏聚力；为提高泥页岩经钻井液浸泡后的强度，优选了抑制剂和封堵剂并确定了其加量，得到了新防塌钻井液配方。研究发现，钻井液滤液进入地层引起泥页岩强度降低，是该油田古近系泥页岩地层井眼失稳的主要原因；在KCl–聚合物钻井液中加入2.0%聚铵盐、0.5%纳米二氧化硅和3.0%碳酸钙配成的新防塌钻井液，泥页岩岩样在其中浸泡10 d后黏聚力可达8.8 MPa，满足预计工期内岩石内聚力大于8.7 MPa的要求。研究认为，新防塌钻井液具有较好的抑制性、封堵性和良好的防塌效果，能有效减小井径扩大率，从而解决南海西江油田古近系泥页岩地层钻井中出现的井眼失稳问题。
- 古近系 /
- 泥页岩 /
- 井眼失稳 /
- 防塌钻井液 /
- 西江油田 /
- 南海
Abstract:
In order to address the problems of borehole caving, blockage and sticking while drilling the Paleogene shale formation in the Xijiang Oilfield of the South China Sea, technical research has been carried out on anti-sloughing drilling fluids. Through analyses of stratigraphic mineral composition, physicochemical properties and mechanical parameters, the mechanisms of wellbore instability in the Paleogene shale formation have been clarified, and have established the relationship chart between the drilling fluid density required for maintaining wellbore stability and rock cohesion, so as to determine the minimum rock cohesion index required to sustain wellbore stability. In order to improve the strength of surrounding shale immersed in drilling fluid, a new anti-sloughing drilling fluid formula was obtained through selection of proper inhibitor and plugging agent as well as their optimal dosages. The research showed that the intrusion of drilling fluid filtrate would lead to the reduction of shale strength, which is the main reason for the wellbore instability of Paleogene shale formation in this oilfield; After immersing for 10 days in the new anti-sloughing drilling fluid added by 2.0% polyammonium salt, 0.5% nano-silica and 3.0% calcium carbonate into KCl-polymer drilling fluid, the rock sample still has the cohesive force of 8.8 MPa, which satisfies the required rock cohesion of greater than 8.7 MPa in the expected period. According to the comprehensive analysis, the new anti-sloughing drilling fluid featured by good inhibition, plugging and anti-sloughing effect, it can solve the problems encountered during Paleogene shale drilling in the Xijiang Oilfield of the South China Sea, and effectively control the borehole enlargement rate.
- Paleogene /
- shale /
- wellbore instability /
- anti-sloughing drilling fluid /
- Xijiang Oilfield /
- the South China Sea

HTML全文

图 1 南海西江油田古近系泥页岩岩样扫描电镜图

Figure 1. Scanning electron micrograph of rock sample of Paleogene shale in the Xijiang Oilfield of the South China Sea

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 线性膨胀率与滚动回收率试验结果

Figure 2. The test results of linear expansion and rolling recovery

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图 3 坍塌压力当量密度与岩石黏聚力关系图版

Figure 3. Relationship between collapse pressure equivalent density and rock cohesion

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图 4 岩样在钻井液中浸泡后抗压强度与黏聚力的变化

Figure 4. The change of compressive strength and cohesion of rock samples after immersion in drilling fluid

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图 5 不同聚铵盐加量下钻井液的滤失量和表观黏度

Figure 5. Filtration and apparent viscosity of drilling fluid under different polyammonium dosages

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图 6 钻井液粒度分布测试结果

Figure 6. Test results of drilling fluid particle size distribution

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图 7 钻井液滤失性能与复配超细碳酸钙加量的关系曲线

Figure 7. Relationship between filtration performance of drilling fluid and addition of composite superfine CaCO₃

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图 8 钻井液滤失性能与纳米二氧化硅加量的关系曲线

Figure 8. Relationship between the filtration performance of drilling fluid and the addition of nano SiO₂

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图 9 线性膨胀率试验结果

Figure 9. Results of a linear expansion rate test

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图 10 滚动回收率试验结果

Figure 10. Results of a rolling recovery test

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 岩石黏聚力与内摩擦角试验结果

Figure 11. Experimental results of rock cohesion and internal friction angle

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图 12 承压能力试验结果

Figure 12. Results of pressure-bearing capacity test

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图 13 新防塌钻井液和现用钻井液条件下的井径扩大率

Figure 13. Comparison of the hole enlargement rates between new anti-sloughing drilling fluid and KCl-polymer drilling fluid

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 南海西江油田古近系泥页岩矿物种类与含量

Table 1 Mineral types and contents of Paleogene shale in the Xijiang Oilfield of the South China Sea

样品编号	矿物含量，%						黏土成分含量，%
样品编号	石英	钾长石	斜长石	方解石	白云石	黏土	伊利石	高岭石	绿泥石	伊/蒙混层
1	46.9	3.9	5.1	3.3	3.4	37.4	25	19	14	42
2	47.8	4.4	4.2	3.8	3.9	35.9	17	17	4	62
3	51.8	12.9	4.5	6.9	2.9	21.0	15	17	5	63
4	43.5	5.8	4.7	6.6	3.2	36.2	11	18	3	70
5	48.7	7.3	5.8	4.8	3.1	30.3	23	9	10	58
6	46.0	5.6	3.0	6.5	7.2	31.7	19	15	6	60

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表 2 新防塌钻井液与KCl–聚合物钻井液常规性能对比情况

Table 2 Comparison of the conventional performances between new anti-sloughing drilling fluid and KCl-polymer drilling fluid

钻井液	密度/（kg·L^–1）	表观黏度/（mPa·s）	塑性黏度/（mPa·s）	动切力/Pa	API滤失量/mL	高温高压滤失量/mL	老化情况
KCl–聚合物钻井液	1.16	14.25	10.4	3.9	8.0		老化前
	1.16	26.25	18.7	7.7	3.9	19.0	老化后
	1.25	17.50	12.0	4.3	8.0		老化前
	1.25	30.90	22.3	8.8	4.3	18.5	老化后
新防塌钻井液	1.16	26.50	18.5	8.0	3.6		老化前
	1.16	54.50	39.0	15.8	3.0	12.5	老化后
	1.25	30.50	21.0	9.7	3.4		老化前
	1.25	58.00	41.0	17.4	2.8	11.5	老化后
注：高温高压滤失量测试条件为温度130 ℃、压差3.5 MPa；老化条件为130 ℃下滚动16 h。

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