Research and Application of Fixed-Plane Perforating and Fracturing Technologies in Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs
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摘要:
安塞油田长6特低渗透油藏注水开发多年,水驱前缘已经波及储层高渗透带,大量剩余油分布于储层纵向低渗段。为开发低渗段剩余油,采用定面射孔压裂技术,利用定面射孔形成垂直于井筒轴向的扇形应力集中面,引导水力裂缝沿井筒径向扩展,控制裂缝纵向延伸,实现低渗段剩余油挖潜。在研究长期注采条件下的剩余油分布及岩石力学参数变化特征的基础上,模拟分析不同定面射孔相位角下的裂缝起裂效果,根据裂缝融合面积优选出最佳射孔相位角;同时,根据较小应力差条件下的裂缝模拟结果,优化压裂改造参数,控制裂缝高度。安塞油田78口井长6油藏开发中应用了定面射孔压裂技术,平均单井增油量达1.8 t/d,是常规压裂的2倍以上,取得了较好的效果。研究与应用表明,定面射孔压裂技术可为特低渗透油藏低渗段剩余油挖潜提供新的技术手段。
Abstract:The Ansai Chang 6 ultra-low permeability reservoir has been developed for many years. The front edge of water flooding has swept the high permeability reservoir zone, and a large amount of remaining oil was distributed in the longitudinal low permeability zones of this reservoir. In order to tap the remaining oil in the low-permeability zone, a fixed-plane perforating and fracturing technology was put forward to form a fan-shaped stress concentration plane perpendicular to the wellbore axis, guide the radial extension of hydraulic fractures along the wellbore and control the longitudinal extension of the fractures, so as to tap the potential of remaining oil in the low permeability zone. Based on the studies of remaining oil distribution and the variation characteristics of rock mechanics parameters under long-term injection and production conditions. Then, the effect of fracture initiation under different fixed-plane perforating phases was simulated and analyzed, and the optimized the perforating phase angle according to the size of fractures fusion area. At the same time, the parameters of fracturing stimulation were optimized according to the results of fracture simulation under weak stress difference, by which the fracture height was controlled effectively. The fixed-plane perforating and fracturing technology was applied in 78 wells of the Ansai Chang 6 reservoir. The average daily oil increase per single well was 1.8 t/d after the stimulation, about twice higher than that of the conventional fracturing technologies, with the good results. The research and application of fixed-plane perforating and fracturing technology has provided a new technical means for tapping the potential of remaining oil in low-permeability zone of ultra-low permeability reservoirs.
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表 1 长6层水淹状况统计
Table 1 Statistics on the water flooding condition of Chang 6 Formation
分类 总厚
度/m厚度占
比,%原始平均含
油饱和度,%剩余油
饱和度,%含油饱和度下降
幅度,百分点未水淹 186.8 34.4 52.7 48.1 4.6 低水淹 222.0 40.9 53.9 39.1 14.8 高水淹 18.5 24.7 50.5 28.5 22.0 平均 142.4 33.3 52.4 38.6 13.8 表 2 单砂体内部储量划分标准
Table 2 Division standard for reserves inside the single sand body
分类 动用驱替特征 孔隙度,% 渗透率/mD 微观孔喉半径/μm 自然伽马/API Ⅰ类 物性好,容易建立水淹通道过早水淹,驱替效果好,采注程度高 ≥14 ≥0.8 ≥0.25 0.3~0.5 Ⅱ类 水驱推进速度慢,物性相对较差,波及体积小,分布广,泥质含量高 ≥10~14 ≥0.2~0.8 ≥0.10~0.25 1.5~0.3 Ⅲ类 属于致密油,暂时无法驱替动用,但可计算储量,待今后气驱开发 <10 <0.2 <0.10 0~1.5 -
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